Water resource management is critical for sustainable agriculture, especially in regions like Kazakhstan that face significant water scarcity challenges. This paper presents the development of a real-time water-level monitoring system designed to optimize water use in agriculture. The system integrates IoT sensors and cloud technologies, and analyzes data on water levels, temperature, humidity, and other environmental parameters. The architecture comprises a data collection layer with solar-powered sensors, a network layer for data transmission, a storage and integration layer for data management, a data processing layer for analysis and forecasting, and a user interface for visualization and interaction. The system was tested at the Left Bypass Canal in Taraz, Kazakhstan, demonstrating its effectiveness in providing real-time data for informed decision-making. The results indicate that the system significantly improves water use efficiency, reduces non-productive losses, and supports sustainable agricultural practices.

Efficient water resource management is critically important for arid regions such as southern Kazakhstan. This paper presents a hybrid Internet of Things (IoT) and Vision-based Internet of Things (VIoT) architecture for real-time monitoring of water levels in irrigation channels. The proposed system integrates an ultrasonic water-level sensor, an IP camera with edge-based computer vision processing on a Raspberry Pi, wireless communication, an autonomous solar power supply, and discharge estimation using Manning’s equation. The VIoT subsystem applies image processing techniques, including gauge calibration, Canny edge detection, and pixel-to-metric conversion, to automatically estimate water level from captured video frames. Water-level measurements obtained from IoT sensors and video-based analysis are combined through synchronised data fusion to improve monitoring accuracy and reliability. The hybrid approach leverages the complementary strengths of IoT and VIoT by combining continuous quantitative sensing with visual verification capabilities. Field experiments conducted on the Merke River in the Zhambyl region of Kazakhstan over a 14-day observation period demonstrated stable real-time operation with RMSE = 0.311 cm, MAE = 0.279 cm, and Pearson r = 0.99 between the ultrasonic sensor and the vision-based estimates. Sensitivity analysis indicated that water level is the most influential parameter in Manning-based discharge estimation, confirming the importance of accurate level detection. The proposed system improves reliability by cross-checking independent data sources, making it applicable to monitoring water levels in agricultural regions.

The need to protect the environment has stimulated the development of numerous analytical techniques for detecting pollutants in natural ecosystems, including methods for determining nitrate concentrations in source water. In this context, the present study introduces an experimental approach for water quality assessment based on etched fiber Bragg gratings (e-FBG). Specifically, the method relies on monitoring the shift in the Bragg wavelength, which occurs as a result of variations in the refractive index of water caused by changes in its chemical composition. Moreover, we proposed a water quality monitoring strategy employing e-FBG sensors, which provides high sensitivity to fluctuations in the optical properties of the surrounding medium. The applicability of the proposed sensor is demonstrated through the detection of low concentrations of nitrates in aquatic environments. The e-FBG sensor exhibits several notable advantages. In particular, it offers high resolution for wavelength shift detection, a high optical signal-to-noise ratio of 40 dB, and a narrow bandwidth of 0.02 nm, which collectively enhance the accuracy and reliability of peak wavelength measurements. Furthermore, the sensor supports optical remote sensing, making it suitable for real-time environmental monitoring. Therefore, the experimental results strongly suggest that the proposed e-FBG sensor holds significant potential for pollutant detection in practical field applications.

Currently, every second inhabitant of the planet is registered in Vkontakte, Whatsapp, Instagram, Skype, Periscope and other social networks. Worst of all, social media can also endanger human life. In many cases, illicit trafficking in drugs and psychotropic substances can spread through these social networks, so special attention should be paid to studying the problems of trust in information in the virtual space.Since social network analysis is a field that is practiced all over the world, it is not surprising that there are many programs, as well as the creation of a system using the Python programming language, which analyzes texts in various subject areas that our society needs and tries to monitor the entire virtual world. We can achieve this goal by introducing the necessary algorithms into a special program.In order to detect and prevent illegal actions, it was considered to organize the monitoring of social networks and the prevention of crimes organized via the Internet by creating software for monitoring social networks.The article discusses the types of cyber threats and methods of protection against them, as well as a program for monitoring social networks in the Python environment and shows its results. Based on the results obtained, he considered the possibility of prevention by identifying types of threats.

The development of digital technologies in the field of education is characterized by relevance and is supported at the state level and by the general public. Digitization is a new social status of «digital divide», «digital citizenship», «digital socialization». The main changes in education are connected with digitalization of education. In the process of digitization, the structure of education and the organization of the educational process fundamentally change. The use of new information and communication technologies is a prerequisite for the further development of digital pedagogy. The article presents useful conditions for the organization of programs that monitor the attendance of students using FPGA technologies in the educational process. Programs created with the help of FPGA technologies on a computer can be used for automatic increase of attendance of students or automatic organization of evaluations of students by teachers. In this context, the practical application of program development based on FPGA technology is shown.