The progression of breast cancer is closely related to obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Low concentrations of cannabinoids promote tumor proliferation. However, the role of cannabinoid receptors (CBs) in chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH)-induced breast cancer has not been reported. The migration and invasion of breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and T47D) were measured by scratch assay and transwell assay. Gene and protein expressions were analyzed by qPCR and western blotting. Tumor xenograft mice model were established to evaluate the function of CBs. We observed that chronic hypoxia (CH) and CIH increased CBs expression and promoted migration and invasion in breast cancer. Mice grafted with MCF-7 exhibited obvious tumor growth, angiogenesis, and lung metastasis in CIH compared with CH and control. In addition, CIH induced CBs expression, which subsequently activated insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R)/AKT/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) axis. Knockdown of CBs alleviated CIH-induced migration and invasion of breast cancer in vitro. Furthermore, CIH exaggerated the malignancy of breast cancer and silencing of CBs suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Our study contributed to understanding the role of CIH in breast cancer development modulation.

Background: Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Emerging evidence highlights epigenetics as a key regulatory mechanism in asthma development.Objective: This research aimed to summarize current evidence on immune–epigenetic mechanisms in asthma and to identify global research hotspots through bibliometric analysis.Methods: A systematic search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection(WoSCC) and Scopus databases for studies published between 1980 and July 2025. Following PRISMA guidelines, duplicate removal and quality control were performed. Eligible articles were analyzed using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and the R bibliometrix package to evaluate publication trends, countries, institutions, authors, journals, co-cited references, and keyword clusters.Results: A total of 4,020 unique publications were included. By utilizing data from both the WoSCC and Scopus, research output has risen markedly since 2010, with the United States and China leading in productivity and collaboration. Harvard University and the University of California System emerged as central institutions, while influential authors included Ian M. Adcock, Juan C. Celedón, and Peter J. Barnes. Leading journals, like Clinical Epigenetics and the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, have seen a steady increase in interdisciplinary research contributions over the years. Through keyword clustering, we identified four major research hotspots: immune and inflammatory mechanisms, epigenetic and regulatory mechanisms, environmental exposures and gene–environment interactions, and epigenetic therapies and biomarkers for precision medicine.Conclusion: Epigenetic research in asthma is rapidly expanding, with increasing international collaboration. Future efforts should focus on translating mechanistic insights into clinical applications by validating biomarkers, refining patient stratification, and advancing epigenetic-based therapeutic strategies.

Study objectives: To evaluate the association between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity in hypertensive patients with comorbid OSA, particularly in non-obese subgroups.Methods: This cross-sectional study consecutively enrolled 653 hypertensive patients with snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness from the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University between 2022 and 2023. After confirming OSA diagnosis by polysomnography, 562 eligible participants were stratified into mild/moderate/severe OSA groups. The TyG index was calculated as ln[fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of OSA severity, with subgroup analyses stratified by BMI. Linear regression was employed to examine the association between the TyG index and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI).Results: In the fully adjusted model, the TyG index showed the strongest independent association with OSA severity progression (OR = 1.885, 95%CI:1.107-3.209), demonstrating greater explanatory value than BMI based on standardized β coefficients. This association demonstrated striking phenotypic specificity, with significant correlation restricted to non-obese individuals (adjusted OR = 2.804, 95%CI:1.547-5.083) versus obese counterparts. Stratification by TyG tertiles revealed progressive AHI escalation with increasing tertiles (β = 8.265 per tertile, P < 0.001), indicating a dose-response relationship.Conclusions: The TyG index surpasses conventional obesity metrics in stratifying OSA severity among hypertensive patients with OSA. These findings support its utility as a pathophysiology-guided risk stratification tool for OSA-related cardiometabolic complications in hypertension management.

Purpose: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is increasingly recognized as a systemic disorder in which inflammation plays a pivotal role in its pathophysiology and comorbidities. This study aimed to conduct the first comprehensive bibliometric analysis of global research on inflammation in OSA, in order to map knowledge structures, identify influential contributors, and highlight emerging research trends. Patients and Methods: Publications related to OSA and inflammation were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) (1996– 2025). After exclusions, 2,075 articles and reviews were analyzed using bibliometric tools including CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and the bibliometrix R package. Citation frequencies, co-citation networks, and collaboration patterns among countries, institutions, authors, and journals were examined. Results: The number of publications has shown robust growth (annual rate 12.11%). China and the United States were the leading contributors, with Harvard University, the University of Chicago, and Institut National De La Sante Et De La Recherche Medicale (INSERM) among the most productive institutions. Influential authors included Gozal D, Kheirandish-Gozal L, and Khalyfa A. Sleep and Breathing was the most prolific journal, while Circulation and American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine were highly co-cited sources. Highly cited works established the link between intermittent hypoxia, systemic inflammation, and cardiovascular/metabolic consequences. Thematic clusters revealed major research focuses on cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation (including microglial activation), and therapeutic strategies such as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), adenotonsillectomy, and bariatric surgery. Emerging topics included gut microbiota, vitamin D, and neurodegenerative diseases. Conclusion: Research on inflammation is evolving from mechanistic insights toward clinical management and interdisciplinary exploration. Looking ahead, priority should be given to biomarker discovery and the development of anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies. These findings provide a roadmap for targeted research and clinical translation in the field of OSA-related inflammation, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) shows marked variability in cardiovascular and mortality risk. The Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), derived from serum albumin and lymphocyte count, reflects nutritional and inflammatory status, but its relevance in OSA populations remains unclear. Methods: We analyzed 10,229 adults at risk for OSA from NHANES 2005– 2008 and 2015– 2018, with mortality follow-up through 2019 (median 5.08 years). Survey-weighted Cox models examined associations between PNI and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Dose-response relationships were assessed using restricted cubic splines, and discrimination was evaluated with time-dependent ROC analyses. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses assessed robustness. Additionally, 555 polysomnography-confirmed OSA patients were analyzed cross-sectionally to examine associations between PNI and disease severity. Results: During follow-up, 1025 all-cause and 287 cardiovascular deaths occurred. Higher PNI was associated with lower all-cause (adjusted HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.47– 0.75) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.36– 0.89), with significant dose–response trends and nonlinear associations for all-cause mortality. Associations were consistent across subgroups and sensitivity analyses. PNI showed better discrimination for mortality than its individual components (12-month AUC 0.74). In the clinical cohort, higher PNI was associated with reduced odds of severe OSA (OR 0.864, 95% CI 0.833– 0.896) and lower apnea-hypopnea index. Conclusion: Lower PNI is independently associated with higher mortality risk among individuals at risk for OSA and with greater disease severity in confirmed OSA. These findings highlight the potential clinical relevance of nutritional and immune status in OSA populations. However, the temporal and causal relationships between PNI, OSA severity, and mortality require further investigation.