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The Ecological Footprint can inform benefit transfer estimates of ecosystem services by considering the different productivity of land-types. In this paper, ecosystem service values are used to calculate Ecosystem Service Yield Factors (ES-YFs) for the world countries as monetary-based alternative to resource-based Yield Factors (YFs). These scaling factors are context-dependent and can be used for transferring ecosystem service values calculated in different locations for cropland, grazing land and forest. The ES-YFs were further used to calculate Biocapacity Economic Values (BEVs) that represent natural capital values and can be used for environmental economic accounting and as a component of wellbeing indicators. Besides improving the accuracy and feasibility of the benefit transfer method, the ES-YFs can inform natural resource management towards more sustainable options and allows for comparison with economic values in markets sensible to asymmetry, incomplete information, unfairness and unethical behaviours.
Valentina Niccolucci; Luca Coscieme; Nadia Marchettini. Benefit transfer and the economic value of Biocapacity: Introducing the ecosystem service Yield factor. Ecosystem Services 2021, 48, 101256 .
AMA StyleValentina Niccolucci, Luca Coscieme, Nadia Marchettini. Benefit transfer and the economic value of Biocapacity: Introducing the ecosystem service Yield factor. Ecosystem Services. 2021; 48 ():101256.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValentina Niccolucci; Luca Coscieme; Nadia Marchettini. 2021. "Benefit transfer and the economic value of Biocapacity: Introducing the ecosystem service Yield factor." Ecosystem Services 48, no. : 101256.
While the science of ecology has expanded markedly in the past century, that knowledge has not significantly changed the pace of economic growth or deflected the momentum of human expansion. Warnings, including that from the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment team, multiply but without a corresponding societal response. The author traces the problem to the realm of politics and the ineffectiveness of statutes such as the National Environmental Policy Act. The article ends with suggestions about how to extend science more effectively into the political realm.
David W. Orr; Valentina Niccolucci; Simone Bastianoni. Ecological Systems Thinking. Encyclopedia of Ecology 2019, 283 -287.
AMA StyleDavid W. Orr, Valentina Niccolucci, Simone Bastianoni. Ecological Systems Thinking. Encyclopedia of Ecology. 2019; ():283-287.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid W. Orr; Valentina Niccolucci; Simone Bastianoni. 2019. "Ecological Systems Thinking." Encyclopedia of Ecology , no. : 283-287.
One of the main goals of any (sustainability) indicator should be the communication of a clear, unambiguous, and simplified message about the status of the analyzed system. The selected indicator is expected to declare explicitly how its numerical value depicts a situation, for example, positive or negative, sustainable or unsustainable, especially when a comparison among similar or competitive systems is performed. This aspect should be a primary and discriminating issue when the selection of a set of opportune indicators is operated. The Ecological Footprint (EF) has become one of the most popular and widely used sustainability indicators. It is a resource accounting method with an area based metric in which the units of measure are global hectares or hectares with world average bio-productivity. Its main goal is to underline the link between the (un)sustainability level of a product, a system, an activity or a population life style, with the land demand for providing goods, energy, and ecological services needed to sustain that product, system, activity, or population. Therefore, the traditional rationale behind the message of EF is: the larger EF value, the larger environmental impact in terms of resources use, the lower position in the sustainability rank. The aim of this paper was to investigate if this rationale is everywhere opportune and unambiguous, or if sometimes its use requires paying a special attention. Then, a three-dimensional modification of the classical EF framework for the sustainability evaluation of a product has been proposed following a previous work by Niccolucci and co-authors (2009). Finally, the potentialities of the model have been tested by using a case study from the agricultural context.
Nicoletta Patrizi; Valentina Niccolucci; Riccardo M. Pulselli; Elena Neri; Simone Bastianoni. The Ecological Footprint Accounting of Products: When Larger Is Not Worse. Resources 2018, 7, 65 .
AMA StyleNicoletta Patrizi, Valentina Niccolucci, Riccardo M. Pulselli, Elena Neri, Simone Bastianoni. The Ecological Footprint Accounting of Products: When Larger Is Not Worse. Resources. 2018; 7 (4):65.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicoletta Patrizi; Valentina Niccolucci; Riccardo M. Pulselli; Elena Neri; Simone Bastianoni. 2018. "The Ecological Footprint Accounting of Products: When Larger Is Not Worse." Resources 7, no. 4: 65.
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Massimo Gigliotti; Valentina Niccolucci; Michela Marchi; Francesca Gagliardi; Federico Maria Pulselli. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS FRAMEWORK AND EMERGY EVALUATION FOR AN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE 2030 AGENDA. Sustainable Development and Planning X 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleMassimo Gigliotti, Valentina Niccolucci, Michela Marchi, Francesca Gagliardi, Federico Maria Pulselli. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS FRAMEWORK AND EMERGY EVALUATION FOR AN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE 2030 AGENDA. Sustainable Development and Planning X. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMassimo Gigliotti; Valentina Niccolucci; Michela Marchi; Francesca Gagliardi; Federico Maria Pulselli. 2018. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS FRAMEWORK AND EMERGY EVALUATION FOR AN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE 2030 AGENDA." Sustainable Development and Planning X , no. : 1.
In the global free-market, natural resource scarcity and opportunities for preserving the local environment are fostering international purchasing of large extensions of land, mainly for agricultural use. These land transactions often involve land cover change (i.e., through deforestation) or a shift from extensive or traditional to intensive agricultural practices. In Brazil, the land appropriation by foreign investors (i.e., the so-called “land-grabbing”) is affecting natural capital availability for local communities to a different extent in the very different territorial entities. At the same time, Brazilian investors are purchasing land in other countries. Ecological footprint accounting is one appropriate lens that can be employed to visualize the aggregated effect of natural capital appropriation and use. The aim of this paper is to provide a first estimate on the effect of land-grabbing on the ecological balance of Brazil through calculating the biocapacity embodied in purchased lands in the different states of Brazil. The results show that Brazil is losing between 9 to 9.3 million global hectares (on a gross basis, or a net total of 7.7 to 8.6 million of global hectares) of its biocapacity due to land-grabbing, when considering respectively a “cropland to cropland” (i.e., no land-cover change) and a “total deforestation” scenario. This represents a minimum estimate, highlighting the need for further land-grabbing data collection at the subnational scale. This analysis can be replicated for other countries of the world, adjusting their ecological balance by considering the biocapacity embodied in international transactions of land.
Luca Coscieme; Valentina Niccolucci; Biagio F. Giannetti; Federico M. Pulselli; Nadia Marchettini; Paul C. Sutton. Implications of Land-Grabbing on the Ecological Balance of Brazil. Resources 2018, 7, 44 .
AMA StyleLuca Coscieme, Valentina Niccolucci, Biagio F. Giannetti, Federico M. Pulselli, Nadia Marchettini, Paul C. Sutton. Implications of Land-Grabbing on the Ecological Balance of Brazil. Resources. 2018; 7 (3):44.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuca Coscieme; Valentina Niccolucci; Biagio F. Giannetti; Federico M. Pulselli; Nadia Marchettini; Paul C. Sutton. 2018. "Implications of Land-Grabbing on the Ecological Balance of Brazil." Resources 7, no. 3: 44.
In this study we explored the capacity of a mass spectrometry technique, ToF-SIMS, coupled with an immunological method, Dot-ELISA, to characterize the organic binders used in a 13th century painted wooden panel. The panel, which was in a poor state of conservation with only some residual painting left, was a useful bench specimen for these techniques. ToF-SIMS and Dot-ELISA results both indicated the presence of a mixture of rabbit glue and casein and rule out the use of egg in the painted layer of the samples. The results of this study show the capability of the combined use of the two methods to univocally identify protein-based binders in paintings.
Andrea Atrei; Francesca Benetti; Mariangela Potenza; Luigi Dei; Emiliano Carretti; Valentina Niccolucci; Nadia Marchettini. Characterization of organic binders in a 13th century painted wooden panel: Comparison of ToF-SIMS and Dot-ELISA results. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 2018, 430, 63 -68.
AMA StyleAndrea Atrei, Francesca Benetti, Mariangela Potenza, Luigi Dei, Emiliano Carretti, Valentina Niccolucci, Nadia Marchettini. Characterization of organic binders in a 13th century painted wooden panel: Comparison of ToF-SIMS and Dot-ELISA results. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 2018; 430 ():63-68.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Atrei; Francesca Benetti; Mariangela Potenza; Luigi Dei; Emiliano Carretti; Valentina Niccolucci; Nadia Marchettini. 2018. "Characterization of organic binders in a 13th century painted wooden panel: Comparison of ToF-SIMS and Dot-ELISA results." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 430, no. : 63-68.
Michela Marchi; Valentina Niccolucci; Riccardo Maria Pulselli; Nadia Marchettini. Environmental policies for GHG emissions reduction and energy transition in the medieval historic centre of Siena (Italy): the role of solar energy. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 185, 829 -840.
AMA StyleMichela Marchi, Valentina Niccolucci, Riccardo Maria Pulselli, Nadia Marchettini. Environmental policies for GHG emissions reduction and energy transition in the medieval historic centre of Siena (Italy): the role of solar energy. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 185 ():829-840.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichela Marchi; Valentina Niccolucci; Riccardo Maria Pulselli; Nadia Marchettini. 2018. "Environmental policies for GHG emissions reduction and energy transition in the medieval historic centre of Siena (Italy): the role of solar energy." Journal of Cleaner Production 185, no. : 829-840.
Ecosystem services are the benefits that humans derive from Nature. In the last decades, research efforts have been made to better understand the connections between the natural sphere and the human sphere as well as to propose novel approaches to measure the value of ecosystem services. While economic valuation has so far been the most commonly used approach – expressing ecosystem services’ value in monetary units – recent efforts have focused on alternative qualitative or biophysical accounting approaches to express the value of ecosystem service in physical units. The role of Ecological Footprint accounting as a biophysical approach for measuring the value of ecosystem services through a surface-equivalent unit is here investigated. This accounting tool allows keeping track of both the human demand on, and the Nature’s supply of, a precise sub-set of ecosystem services thus being able to make an ecological balance at the country level. A comparison between Ecological Footprint and economic valuation analyses is finally performed, for the forest ecosystem type, to highlight complementarities and correlations of these different approaches.
Maria Serena Mancini; Alessandro Galli; Luca Coscieme; Valentina Niccolucci; David Lin; Federico Maria Pulselli; Simone Bastianoni; Nadia Marchettini. Exploring ecosystem services assessment through Ecological Footprint accounting. Ecosystem Services 2018, 30, 228 -235.
AMA StyleMaria Serena Mancini, Alessandro Galli, Luca Coscieme, Valentina Niccolucci, David Lin, Federico Maria Pulselli, Simone Bastianoni, Nadia Marchettini. Exploring ecosystem services assessment through Ecological Footprint accounting. Ecosystem Services. 2018; 30 ():228-235.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Serena Mancini; Alessandro Galli; Luca Coscieme; Valentina Niccolucci; David Lin; Federico Maria Pulselli; Simone Bastianoni; Nadia Marchettini. 2018. "Exploring ecosystem services assessment through Ecological Footprint accounting." Ecosystem Services 30, no. : 228-235.
This study aims to assess the sustainability of an agroforestry system: i.e. a system obtained by the union of two productions to get at least two by-products from the same productive space. In particular, this case study presents the integration of a goose raising system with an organic grape production, from an environmental point of view. This integration is mainly designed to have two simultaneous co-products (grape and goose meat) with: i) a less intensive use of machineries for weeding and ii) avoiding use of chemical fertilizers and weeding. The sustainability is assessed by means of emergy evaluation. Emergy is a thermodynamic based tool able to estimates the environmental cost of products and services in terms of the solar energy (directly and indirectly) required for its production. As Emergy is not a state function, its final value depends on the way the product is made. The set theory applied to the emergy evaluation enables the comparison between the integrated system and the originating isolated systems in a proper way. Results confirm that the integrated system enables a saving, in emergy terms, amounting to 33% compared to the two originating isolated production systems. Emergy evaluation is able to keep track of the lower amount of resources required from outside the agroforestry system due to the optimization of resources internally available.
Nicoletta Patrizi; Valentina Niccolucci; Cesare Castellini; Federico M. Pulselli; Simone Bastianoni. Sustainability of agro-livestock integration: Implications and results of Emergy evaluation. Science of The Total Environment 2017, 622-623, 1543 -1552.
AMA StyleNicoletta Patrizi, Valentina Niccolucci, Cesare Castellini, Federico M. Pulselli, Simone Bastianoni. Sustainability of agro-livestock integration: Implications and results of Emergy evaluation. Science of The Total Environment. 2017; 622-623 ():1543-1552.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicoletta Patrizi; Valentina Niccolucci; Cesare Castellini; Federico M. Pulselli; Simone Bastianoni. 2017. "Sustainability of agro-livestock integration: Implications and results of Emergy evaluation." Science of The Total Environment 622-623, no. : 1543-1552.
Over the past decade, Ecological Footprint has become one of the most popular and widespread indicators for sustainability assessment and resource management. However, its popularity has been coupled, especially in recent years, by the emergence of critical views on the indicator's rationale, methodology and policy usefulness. Most of these criticisms commonly point to the inability of the Ecological Footprint to track the human-induced depletion of natural capital stocks as one of the main shortcomings of the methodology. Fully addressing this issue will require research efforts and, most likely, further methodological refinements. The aim of this paper is therefore to outline the basis of a new area of investigation in Ecological Footprint research, primarily aimed at implementing the distinction between the use of stocks and the use of flows in Ecological Footprint Accounting and debating its implications
Maria Serena Mancini; Alessandro Galli; Valentina Niccolucci; David Lin; Laurel Hanscom; Mathis Wackernagel; Simone Bastianoni; Nadia Marchettini. Stocks and flows of natural capital: Implications for Ecological Footprint. Ecological Indicators 2017, 77, 123 -128.
AMA StyleMaria Serena Mancini, Alessandro Galli, Valentina Niccolucci, David Lin, Laurel Hanscom, Mathis Wackernagel, Simone Bastianoni, Nadia Marchettini. Stocks and flows of natural capital: Implications for Ecological Footprint. Ecological Indicators. 2017; 77 ():123-128.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Serena Mancini; Alessandro Galli; Valentina Niccolucci; David Lin; Laurel Hanscom; Mathis Wackernagel; Simone Bastianoni; Nadia Marchettini. 2017. "Stocks and flows of natural capital: Implications for Ecological Footprint." Ecological Indicators 77, no. : 123-128.
M. Marchi; V. Niccolucci; R.M. Pulselli; N. Marchettini. Urban sustainability: Co2 uptake by green areas in the historic centre of Siena. International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics 2017, 12, 407 -417.
AMA StyleM. Marchi, V. Niccolucci, R.M. Pulselli, N. Marchettini. Urban sustainability: Co2 uptake by green areas in the historic centre of Siena. International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics. 2017; 12 (4):407-417.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Marchi; V. Niccolucci; R.M. Pulselli; N. Marchettini. 2017. "Urban sustainability: Co2 uptake by green areas in the historic centre of Siena." International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics 12, no. 4: 407-417.
Luca Coscieme; Federico M. Pulselli; Valentina Niccolucci; Nicoletta Patrizi; Paul C. Sutton. Corrigendum to “Accounting for “land-grabbing” from a biocapacity viewpoint” [Sci. Total Environ. Vol. 539, 2016, Pages 551–559]. Science of The Total Environment 2016, 547, 484 -484.
AMA StyleLuca Coscieme, Federico M. Pulselli, Valentina Niccolucci, Nicoletta Patrizi, Paul C. Sutton. Corrigendum to “Accounting for “land-grabbing” from a biocapacity viewpoint” [Sci. Total Environ. Vol. 539, 2016, Pages 551–559]. Science of The Total Environment. 2016; 547 ():484-484.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuca Coscieme; Federico M. Pulselli; Valentina Niccolucci; Nicoletta Patrizi; Paul C. Sutton. 2016. "Corrigendum to “Accounting for “land-grabbing” from a biocapacity viewpoint” [Sci. Total Environ. Vol. 539, 2016, Pages 551–559]." Science of The Total Environment 547, no. : 484-484.
Maria Serena Mancini; Alessandro Galli; Valentina Niccolucci; David Lin; Simone Bastianoni; Mathis Wackernagel; Nadia Marchettini. Ecological Footprint: Refining the carbon Footprint calculation. Ecological Indicators 2016, 61, 390 -403.
AMA StyleMaria Serena Mancini, Alessandro Galli, Valentina Niccolucci, David Lin, Simone Bastianoni, Mathis Wackernagel, Nadia Marchettini. Ecological Footprint: Refining the carbon Footprint calculation. Ecological Indicators. 2016; 61 ():390-403.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Serena Mancini; Alessandro Galli; Valentina Niccolucci; David Lin; Simone Bastianoni; Mathis Wackernagel; Nadia Marchettini. 2016. "Ecological Footprint: Refining the carbon Footprint calculation." Ecological Indicators 61, no. : 390-403.
The comparison of the Ecological Footprint and its counterpart (i.e. biocapacity) allow for a classification of the world's countries as ecological creditors (Ecological Footprint lower than biocapacity) or debtors (Ecological Footprint higher than biocapacity). This classification is a national scale assessment on an annual time scale that provides a view of the ecological assets appropriated by the local population versus the natural ecological endowment of a country. We show that GDP per capita over a certain threshold is related with the worsening of the footprint balance in countries classified as ecological debtors. On the other hand, this correlation is lost when ecological creditor nations are considered. There is evidence that governments and investors from high GDP countries are playing a crucial role in impacting the environment at the global scale which is significantly affecting the geography of sustainability and preventing equal opportunities for development. In particular, international market dynamics and the concentration of economic power facilitate the transfer of biocapacity related to "land grabbing", i.e. large scale acquisition of agricultural land. This transfer mainly occurs from low to high GDP countries, regardless of the actual need of foreign biocapacity, as expressed by the national footprint balance. A first estimation of the amount of biocapacity involved in this phenomenon is provided in this paper in order to better understand its implications on global sustainability and national and international land use policy
Luca Coscieme; Federico M. Pulselli; Valentina Niccolucci; Nicoletta Patrizi; Paul Sutton. Accounting for “land-grabbing” from a biocapacity viewpoint. Science of The Total Environment 2016, 539, 551 -559.
AMA StyleLuca Coscieme, Federico M. Pulselli, Valentina Niccolucci, Nicoletta Patrizi, Paul Sutton. Accounting for “land-grabbing” from a biocapacity viewpoint. Science of The Total Environment. 2016; 539 ():551-559.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuca Coscieme; Federico M. Pulselli; Valentina Niccolucci; Nicoletta Patrizi; Paul Sutton. 2016. "Accounting for “land-grabbing” from a biocapacity viewpoint." Science of The Total Environment 539, no. : 551-559.
M. Marchi; V. Niccolucci; F. Menghetti; S. Mangiavacchi; S. Bastianoni. Greenhouse gas emissions accounting for waste management at the local scale. The Sustainable City IX 2014, 1 .
AMA StyleM. Marchi, V. Niccolucci, F. Menghetti, S. Mangiavacchi, S. Bastianoni. Greenhouse gas emissions accounting for waste management at the local scale. The Sustainable City IX. 2014; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Marchi; V. Niccolucci; F. Menghetti; S. Mangiavacchi; S. Bastianoni. 2014. "Greenhouse gas emissions accounting for waste management at the local scale." The Sustainable City IX , no. : 1.
In a world increasingly affected by global environmental changes, Low Income countries will play an ever more central role in determining the future health of the biosphere. While global use of the biosphere's capacity has increased over the past 45 years, per capita demand for biocapacity, as measured by the Ecological Footprint, has only increased in high-income countries and has remained constant or fallen in middle- and low-income nations. Consumption has increased faster than population in high-income nations, while population growth has been the dominant factor in middle- and low- income countries. Although listed in the middle-income group of countries, China showed atypical trends in the past 45 years, with a rapid increase in per capita Ecological Footprint that outstrip its gains in income. Typical trends were instead noticed for India, whose per person Ecological Footprint has fallen slightly. The results of this paper show that decisions made in China and India will be of fundamental importance for future global sustainability.
Alessandro Galli; Justin Kitzes; Valentina Niccolucci; Mathis Wackernagel; Yoshihiko Wada; Nadia Marchettini. Assessing the global environmental consequences of economic growth through the Ecological Footprint: A focus on China and India. Ecological Indicators 2012, 17, 99 -107.
AMA StyleAlessandro Galli, Justin Kitzes, Valentina Niccolucci, Mathis Wackernagel, Yoshihiko Wada, Nadia Marchettini. Assessing the global environmental consequences of economic growth through the Ecological Footprint: A focus on China and India. Ecological Indicators. 2012; 17 ():99-107.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlessandro Galli; Justin Kitzes; Valentina Niccolucci; Mathis Wackernagel; Yoshihiko Wada; Nadia Marchettini. 2012. "Assessing the global environmental consequences of economic growth through the Ecological Footprint: A focus on China and India." Ecological Indicators 17, no. : 99-107.
Countries vary greatly in both their demand for and supply of natural resources over time. Footprint and Biocapacity dynamics are driven by many different factors, making each profile unique and complex to explain. The aim of this paper was to observe the temporal trends for most of the world's nations between 1961 and 2007, in order to appraise the different development paths of Biocapacity and Footprint. The analysis identified four main dynamic typologies: parallel, scissor, wedge and descent. The main features of each type are explained on the basis of population trends and jointly with other indicators (i.e. environmental performance index, EPI, environmental sustainability index, ESI and human development index, HDI). In this analysis the Ecological Footprint is the leading biophysical accounting tool for comparing present aggregate human demand on the biosphere with the ecological capacity to sustain life. The other indicators address different environmental issues, such as the reduction of environmental impacts, and economy vulnerability, the institutional capacity to provide effective policies and the quantification of environmental “global stewardship” (through agreements, international collaboration, etc.). Time series analysis then enables a geopolitical interpretation of nations to be made, based on the availability and constraints of Biocapacity. Biocapacity may be regarded as a new type of ecological wealth; it will be of strategic importance in geopolitics, playing a fundamental role in competitiveness and relationships between nations, as well as in the quality of life of their communities.
V. Niccolucci; E. Tiezzi; F.M. Pulselli; C. Capineri. Biocapacity vs Ecological Footprint of world regions: A geopolitical interpretation. Ecological Indicators 2012, 16, 23 -30.
AMA StyleV. Niccolucci, E. Tiezzi, F.M. Pulselli, C. Capineri. Biocapacity vs Ecological Footprint of world regions: A geopolitical interpretation. Ecological Indicators. 2012; 16 ():23-30.
Chicago/Turabian StyleV. Niccolucci; E. Tiezzi; F.M. Pulselli; C. Capineri. 2012. "Biocapacity vs Ecological Footprint of world regions: A geopolitical interpretation." Ecological Indicators 16, no. : 23-30.
This paper investigates the coherence of the relationship between indicandum (the subject to be indicated) and indicator (how the subject is effectively indicated) in the framework of the Ecological Footprint (EF). In this case, the indicandum is potential overuse of regenerative capacity measured by the indicator EF. According to the latest definition, EF measures the area of biologically productive land and water required to produce all the resources consumed and to absorb the waste (in particular the carbon dioxide) generated, considering prevailing technology and resource management practices. The term “prevailing technology” replaces “sustainable way” in the definition. This creates confusion and prevents the indicator from fully representing the indicandum. A correction factor in the classical EF formulation is proposed to restore coherence of the indicandum–indicator relationship. The correction factor is particularly relevant for cropland and fishing grounds.
S. Bastianoni; V. Niccolucci; R.M. Pulselli; N. Marchettini. Indicator and indicandum: “Sustainable way” vs “prevailing conditions” in the Ecological Footprint. Ecological Indicators 2012, 16, 47 -50.
AMA StyleS. Bastianoni, V. Niccolucci, R.M. Pulselli, N. Marchettini. Indicator and indicandum: “Sustainable way” vs “prevailing conditions” in the Ecological Footprint. Ecological Indicators. 2012; 16 ():47-50.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. Bastianoni; V. Niccolucci; R.M. Pulselli; N. Marchettini. 2012. "Indicator and indicandum: “Sustainable way” vs “prevailing conditions” in the Ecological Footprint." Ecological Indicators 16, no. : 47-50.
Benedetto Rugani; R.M. Pulselli; Valentina Niccolucci; Simone Bastianoni. Environmental performance of a XIV Century water management system: An emergy evaluation of cultural heritage. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2011, 56, 117 -125.
AMA StyleBenedetto Rugani, R.M. Pulselli, Valentina Niccolucci, Simone Bastianoni. Environmental performance of a XIV Century water management system: An emergy evaluation of cultural heritage. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2011; 56 (1):117-125.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBenedetto Rugani; R.M. Pulselli; Valentina Niccolucci; Simone Bastianoni. 2011. "Environmental performance of a XIV Century water management system: An emergy evaluation of cultural heritage." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 56, no. 1: 117-125.
The real amount of drinking water available per capita is a topic of great interest for human health and the economic and political management of resources. The global market of bottled drinking water, for instance, has shown exponential growth in the last twenty years, mainly due to reductions in production costs and investment in promotion. This paper aims to evaluate how much freshwater is actually consumed when water is drunk in Italy, which can be considered a mature bottled-water market. A Water Footprint (WF) calculation was used to compare the alternatives: bottled and tap water. Six Italian brands of water sold in PET bottles were inventoried, analysed and compared with the public tap water of the city of Siena, as representative of the Italian context. Results showed that more than 3 L of water were needed to provide consumers with 1.50 L of drinking water. In particular, a volume of 1.50 L of PET-bottled water required an extra virtual volume of 1.93 L of water while an extra 2.13 L was necessary to supply the same volume of tap water. These values had very different composition and origin. The WF of tap water was mainly due to losses of water during pipeline distribution and usage, while WF of bottled water was greatly influenced by the production of plastic materials. When the contribution of cooling water was added to the calculation, the WF of bottled water rose from 3.43 to 6.92 L. Different strategies to reduce total water footprint are discussed.
V. Niccolucci; S. Botto; B. Rugani; V. Nicolardi; S. Bastianoni; C. Gaggi. The real water consumption behind drinking water: The case of Italy. Journal of Environmental Management 2011, 92, 2611 -2618.
AMA StyleV. Niccolucci, S. Botto, B. Rugani, V. Nicolardi, S. Bastianoni, C. Gaggi. The real water consumption behind drinking water: The case of Italy. Journal of Environmental Management. 2011; 92 (10):2611-2618.
Chicago/Turabian StyleV. Niccolucci; S. Botto; B. Rugani; V. Nicolardi; S. Bastianoni; C. Gaggi. 2011. "The real water consumption behind drinking water: The case of Italy." Journal of Environmental Management 92, no. 10: 2611-2618.