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Mohd Shahbudin Masdar
Fuel Cell Institute Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Selangor Malaysia

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Review
Published: 16 August 2021 in International Journal of Energy Research
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Electrolysis coupled with renewable energy resources is the most promising method for green hydrogen production. Polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) has attracted attention due to its ability to produce high-purity, compressed hydrogen at relatively mild operating temperatures (70°C-90°C). The highest cost contributor of the PEMWE stack are the bipolar plates (BPPs). Owing to the severe operating conditions (acidity from the membrane and high localized oxygen concentration) of the PEMWE stack, appropriate material and fabrication are crucial to ensure high performance and durability. The role of BPPs in mass transport and electrical charge transfer must be further understood and correlated to its specific application in PEMWE. At the most basic level, BPPs must have low interfacial contact resistance and high corrosion resistance to withstand the conditions within the stack. The most common base materials for BPP construction include austenitic stainless steel (SS316 and SS403) and Ti due to their flexural strength and ease of mass production. A coating layer is also necessary to protect the substrate from corrosion, and the most popular materials include TiN and other noble metals with nonpassivated oxides and reliable electrical conductivity. The compromise between material robustness and cost is currently a delicate balance toachieve.

ACS Style

Husaini Teuku; Ibrahim Alshami; Jonathan Goh; Mohd Shahbudin Masdar; Kee Shyuan Loh. Review on bipolar plates for low‐temperature polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzer. International Journal of Energy Research 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Husaini Teuku, Ibrahim Alshami, Jonathan Goh, Mohd Shahbudin Masdar, Kee Shyuan Loh. Review on bipolar plates for low‐temperature polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzer. International Journal of Energy Research. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Husaini Teuku; Ibrahim Alshami; Jonathan Goh; Mohd Shahbudin Masdar; Kee Shyuan Loh. 2021. "Review on bipolar plates for low‐temperature polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzer." International Journal of Energy Research , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 27 May 2021 in Membranes
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The polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) is a key component in the PEM fuel cell (PEMFC) system. This study highlights the latest development of PEM technology by combining Nafion® and ionic liquids, namely 2–Hydroxyethylammonium Formate (2–HEAF) and Propylammonium Nitrate (PAN). Test membranes were prepared using the casting technique. The impact of functional groups in grafting, morphology, thermal stability, ion exchange capacity, water absorption, swelling and proton conductivity for the prepared membranes is discussed. Both hybrid membranes showed higher values in ion exchange capacity, water uptake and swelling rate as compared to the recast pure Nafion® membrane. The results also show that the proton conductivity of Nafion®/2–HEAF and Nafion®/PAN membranes increased with increasing ionic liquid concentrations. The maximum values of proton conductivity for Nafion®/2–HEAF and Nafion®/PAN membranes were 2.87 and 4.55 mScm−1, respectively, equivalent to 2.2 and 3.5 times that of the pure recast Nafion® membrane.

ACS Style

Jonathan Goh; Ainul Abdul Rahim; Mohd Masdar; Loh Shyuan. Enhanced Performance of Polymer Electrolyte Membranes via Modification with Ionic Liquids for Fuel Cell Applications. Membranes 2021, 11, 395 .

AMA Style

Jonathan Goh, Ainul Abdul Rahim, Mohd Masdar, Loh Shyuan. Enhanced Performance of Polymer Electrolyte Membranes via Modification with Ionic Liquids for Fuel Cell Applications. Membranes. 2021; 11 (6):395.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jonathan Goh; Ainul Abdul Rahim; Mohd Masdar; Loh Shyuan. 2021. "Enhanced Performance of Polymer Electrolyte Membranes via Modification with Ionic Liquids for Fuel Cell Applications." Membranes 11, no. 6: 395.

Journal article
Published: 24 April 2021 in Catalysts
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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) should be removed in the early stage of biogas purification as it may affect biogas production and cause environmental and catalyst toxicity. The adsorption of H2S gas by using activated carbon as a catalyst has been explored as a possible technology to remove H2S in the biogas industry. In this study, we investigated the optimal catalytic preparation conditions of the H2S adsorbent by using the RSM methodology and the Box–Behnken experimental design. The H2S catalyst was synthesized by impregnating commercial activated carbon (CAC) with zinc acetate (ZnAc2) with the factors and level for the Box–Behnken Design (BBD): molarity of 0.2–1.0 M ZnAc2 solution, soaked temperature of 30–100 °C, and soaked time of 30–180 min. Two responses including the H2S adsorption capacity and the BET surface area were assessed using two-factor interaction (2FI) models. The interactions were examined by using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Hence, the optimum point of molarity was 0.22 M ZnAc2 solution, the soaked period was 48.82 min, and the soaked temperature was 95.08 °C obtained from the optimum point with the highest H2S adsorption capacity (2.37 mg H2S/g) and the optimum BET surface area (620.55 m2/g). Additionally, the comparison of the optimized and the non-optimized catalytic adsorbents showed an enhancement in the H2S adsorption capacity of up to 33%.

ACS Style

Nurul Zulkefli; Mohd Masdar; Wan Wan Isahak; Siti Abu Bakar; Hassimi Abu Hasan; Nabilah Mohd Sofian. Application of Response Surface Methodology for Preparation of ZnAC2/CAC Adsorbents for Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Capture. Catalysts 2021, 11, 545 .

AMA Style

Nurul Zulkefli, Mohd Masdar, Wan Wan Isahak, Siti Abu Bakar, Hassimi Abu Hasan, Nabilah Mohd Sofian. Application of Response Surface Methodology for Preparation of ZnAC2/CAC Adsorbents for Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Capture. Catalysts. 2021; 11 (5):545.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nurul Zulkefli; Mohd Masdar; Wan Wan Isahak; Siti Abu Bakar; Hassimi Abu Hasan; Nabilah Mohd Sofian. 2021. "Application of Response Surface Methodology for Preparation of ZnAC2/CAC Adsorbents for Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Capture." Catalysts 11, no. 5: 545.

Research article
Published: 11 April 2021 in International Journal of Energy Research
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Toward solar‐to‐hydrogen generation, it is required to assembling an efficient photoelectrode in the solar energy conversion system. The preparation of rGO‐CuO/Cu photoelectrode via a facile one‐pot hydrothermal approach is reported. Here, we present the physicochemical and performance of rGO‐CuO/Cu photoelectrode in different hydrothermal reaction time. The XRD, XPS, HRTEM, FESEM, and Raman analysis authenticate the formation of rGO‐CuO/Cu composites. The photoelectrochemical properties measurement (including UV‐Vis, photovoltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and Mott‐Schottky analysis) demonstrated the best performance for photoelectrode synthesized in 3 hours of hydrothermal reaction. The rGO‐CuO/Cu3 composites recorded a charge carrier density of 6.548 × 1024 cm−3 and generating a highest photocurrent density of 9.6 mA cm−2 (vs Ag/AgCl). By optimizing the reaction time, higher photocurrent was generated due to more surface capable for effective charge transfer separation. Thus, with the facile method, the technique was shown to be attractive in preparing photocathodes for photoelectrochemical energy conversion.

ACS Style

Rosmahani Mohd Shah; Rozan Mohamad Yunus; Mohd Shahbudin Mastar @ Masdar; Lorna Jeffery Minggu; Wai Yin Wong; Mohd Nur Ikhmal Salehmin. High photoelectrochemical performance of a p‐type reduced graphene oxide‐copper oxide/Cu foil ( rGO‐CuO /Cu) photoelectrode prepared by a one‐pot hydrothermal method. International Journal of Energy Research 2021, 45, 13865 -13877.

AMA Style

Rosmahani Mohd Shah, Rozan Mohamad Yunus, Mohd Shahbudin Mastar @ Masdar, Lorna Jeffery Minggu, Wai Yin Wong, Mohd Nur Ikhmal Salehmin. High photoelectrochemical performance of a p‐type reduced graphene oxide‐copper oxide/Cu foil ( rGO‐CuO /Cu) photoelectrode prepared by a one‐pot hydrothermal method. International Journal of Energy Research. 2021; 45 (9):13865-13877.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rosmahani Mohd Shah; Rozan Mohamad Yunus; Mohd Shahbudin Mastar @ Masdar; Lorna Jeffery Minggu; Wai Yin Wong; Mohd Nur Ikhmal Salehmin. 2021. "High photoelectrochemical performance of a p‐type reduced graphene oxide‐copper oxide/Cu foil ( rGO‐CuO /Cu) photoelectrode prepared by a one‐pot hydrothermal method." International Journal of Energy Research 45, no. 9: 13865-13877.

Research article
Published: 17 March 2021 in International Journal of Energy Research
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Methanol crossover affects the performance of a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). To overcome this problem, this study introduced a modified micro‐porous diffusion layer (MPL) with addition of titanium dioxide (TiO2) to the carbon nano‐fibre (CNF) and carbon black (CB) material at the anode side of DMFC. The main objectives of this work were to present a surface characterization of the modified MPL via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and discussed the detailed mechanism on the drop of the power density due to increment of methanol concentration. Secondly, this work also tested the performance and stability of the modified MPL. The SEM imaging showed a reduced surface crack at the anode diffusion layer in CB + TiO2, the pore network improved on the mixture of CNF‐TiO2. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed that TiO2 has low resistance and helps to reduce the resistance when added to the CNF and CB. These findings showed that the mixture of TiO2 with CNF and CB presented a good effect in reducing the methanol crossover by presenting the lowest percentage for stability drop as 0.31% and 1.37% compared to other researchers. It also improved the stability of the DMFC power output over the long‐term performance test. Highlights This study presents a surface characterization of the modified MPL of TiO2‐CNF‐CB It also discusses in detail the mechanism on the power density drop due to increment of methanol concentration This study will also test the performance and stability of the modified MPL. The results show that the mixture of TiO2‐CNF‐CB improved the stability of the DMFC

ACS Style

M.S. Alias; S.K. Kamarudin; A.M. Zainoodin; M.S. Masdar. Structural mechanism investigation on methanol crossover and stability of a passive direct methanol fuel cell performance via modified micro‐porous layer. International Journal of Energy Research 2021, 45, 12928 -12943.

AMA Style

M.S. Alias, S.K. Kamarudin, A.M. Zainoodin, M.S. Masdar. Structural mechanism investigation on methanol crossover and stability of a passive direct methanol fuel cell performance via modified micro‐porous layer. International Journal of Energy Research. 2021; 45 (9):12928-12943.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M.S. Alias; S.K. Kamarudin; A.M. Zainoodin; M.S. Masdar. 2021. "Structural mechanism investigation on methanol crossover and stability of a passive direct methanol fuel cell performance via modified micro‐porous layer." International Journal of Energy Research 45, no. 9: 12928-12943.

Accepted manuscript
Published: 01 January 2020 in Materials Research Express
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A graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)-supported Ir–Zn catalyst (Ir–Zn/GNP) was fabricated by H2 reduction to discover an alternative for non-platinum and non-palladium catalysts as an anode catalyst in direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC). The obtained Ir–Zn/GNP catalyst with ratio of Ir:Zn = 50:50 (Ir50Zn50/GNP) exhibited better electrocatalytic activity than GNP-supported iridium catalyst (Ir/GNP) for formic acid oxidation. Although the oxidation peak current density of Ir50Zn50/GNP was slightly lower than that of Ir/GNP, the oxidation peak potential shifted more negatively (193 mV) than Ir/GNP with higher value of the ratio of forward scan to reverse the scan peak current (If/Ib). The presence of Zn also enhanced the power density and current generation with increased performance stability in a passive DFAFC cell tests. The improvement of the electrochemical performance was ascribed to the ensemble effect where the addition of Zn could modify the Ir atom arrangement, thereby promoting the oxidation through dehydrogenation pathway. However, extremely high Zn content would inhibit oxidation capability because Zn atoms might reduce the Ir catalytic sites. A new alternative for non-Pt and non-Pd anode catalysts for DFAFC applications was successfully achieved.

ACS Style

Khairul Naim Ahmad; Adam Mohd Izhan Noor Azam; Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak; Azran Mohd Zainoodin; Mohd Shahbudin Masdar. Improving the electrocatalytic activity for formic acid oxidation of bimetallic Ir–Zn nanoparticles decorated on graphene nanoplatelets. Materials Research Express 2020, 7, 015095 .

AMA Style

Khairul Naim Ahmad, Adam Mohd Izhan Noor Azam, Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak, Azran Mohd Zainoodin, Mohd Shahbudin Masdar. Improving the electrocatalytic activity for formic acid oxidation of bimetallic Ir–Zn nanoparticles decorated on graphene nanoplatelets. Materials Research Express. 2020; 7 (1):015095.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khairul Naim Ahmad; Adam Mohd Izhan Noor Azam; Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak; Azran Mohd Zainoodin; Mohd Shahbudin Masdar. 2020. "Improving the electrocatalytic activity for formic acid oxidation of bimetallic Ir–Zn nanoparticles decorated on graphene nanoplatelets." Materials Research Express 7, no. 1: 015095.

Journal article
Published: 24 December 2019 in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
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The conventional anode design of direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) usually encounter a problem on the performance stability and ethanol mass transport, i.e., ethanol crossover. Aiming to alleviate these issues, in this study, the anode with different configurations for DEFC was designed and fabricated with different catalyst layer (CL) and microporous layer (MPL) arrangements. The four types of membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is named with MEA-1 (with pretreated carbon paper (PCP) and PtCL), MEA-2 (with PCP, MPL and PtCL), MEA-3 (with PCP, MPL, PtCL and PdCL) and MEA-4 (with PCP, MPL, PtCL, MPL and PdCL). The performance, stability and ethanol crossover of MEAs were tested and measured for continuous long-term operation for 120 h, while the morphological characterization was analyzed. Based on the results, power density for each MEA decreased with time, while ethanol crossover increased gradually. The MEA-3 with additional PdCL shows a highest performance and stability about 20 W/m2, and has a lowest ethanol crossover's magnitude. The highest ethanol crossover was obtained using MEA-1 at 3.7 mg/m2·s. Higher ethanol crossover had caused low stability of DEFC performance which result higher irreversible degradation. Moreover, based on characterization, elemental mapping and EDX illustrated phenomena of membrane swelling, delamination of electrode from membrane, and CL loss after stability test for 5 days for all MEAs. The significance of anode structure design was proven in this current study. The anode design of double-layered CL has potential to use at anode structure to reduce ethanol crossover rate, thereby improving DEFC performance and stability.

ACS Style

Y.W. Yong; A.M.I.N. Azam; M.S. Masdar; A.M. Zainoodin; S.K. Kamarudin. Anode structure with double-catalyst layers for improving the direct ethanol fuel cell performance. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2019, 45, 22302 -22314.

AMA Style

Y.W. Yong, A.M.I.N. Azam, M.S. Masdar, A.M. Zainoodin, S.K. Kamarudin. Anode structure with double-catalyst layers for improving the direct ethanol fuel cell performance. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2019; 45 (42):22302-22314.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Y.W. Yong; A.M.I.N. Azam; M.S. Masdar; A.M. Zainoodin; S.K. Kamarudin. 2019. "Anode structure with double-catalyst layers for improving the direct ethanol fuel cell performance." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45, no. 42: 22302-22314.

Research article
Published: 19 December 2019 in International Journal of Energy Research
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Biohydrogen gas is a hot topic for H2 fuel at present. However, removal of the unwanted CO2 through adsorption is required before any system is supplied with high‐purity H2 gas. Herein, we prepared a novel carbon nanoflake hybrid for efficient biohydrogen CO2 capture by combining the advantages of carbon, metal oxide, and amine. Among the samples, SH800 showed a remarkable high CO2 adsorption capacity of 29.8 wt.% (6.77 mmol/g) at 25°C and 1 atm, the highest ever reported at low pressure and temperature. The regeneration experiment also demonstrated robust reversibility over five cycles in the absence of heat treatment. Moreover, it displayed a highly accessible adsorption site with a Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) surface area of 600 m2/g and an optimal 6.6‐nm average mesopore structure. Another hybrid named SH500 was also developed. This hybrid showed a comparable CO2 uptake of 27.8 wt.%, being competitive to SH800 but with entirely different chemical properties. Both samples were analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), BET, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, (XPS) and were tested for CO2 capture through a breakthrough experiment. A highly porous solid adsorbent was also produced via soft‐template synthesis. In summary, the correct amount of dynamic factors, such as high surface area, mesopore‐micropore morphology, activation temperature, metal hybridization, and N moieties, played a major role in the carbon engineering of CO2 adsorbent.

ACS Style

Siti A. Anuar; Wan N. R. Wan Isahak; Mohd Shahbudin Masdar. Carbon nanoflake hybrid for biohydrogen CO 2 capture: Breakthrough adsorption test. International Journal of Energy Research 2019, 44, 3148 -3159.

AMA Style

Siti A. Anuar, Wan N. R. Wan Isahak, Mohd Shahbudin Masdar. Carbon nanoflake hybrid for biohydrogen CO 2 capture: Breakthrough adsorption test. International Journal of Energy Research. 2019; 44 (4):3148-3159.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Siti A. Anuar; Wan N. R. Wan Isahak; Mohd Shahbudin Masdar. 2019. "Carbon nanoflake hybrid for biohydrogen CO 2 capture: Breakthrough adsorption test." International Journal of Energy Research 44, no. 4: 3148-3159.

Journal article
Published: 16 November 2019 in Food and Bioproducts Processing
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Empty fruit bunches (EFB) are valuable palm oil mill waste that could be used to produce multiple products in the form of energy, chemicals, and materials. Therefore, efficient utilization of these biomass resources is essential to optimize the profitability of the industry while addressing environmental issues. In this study, a decision-support tool is developed to perform economic and environmental analyses of the future expansion of the palm oil industry. The sequential steps in the modeling and optimization of the EFB value chain are discussed. This study consists of four processing stages: converting EFB into intermediates and products, transportation networks, direct sale of products, and further processing of products. The proposed tool includes a mathematical model that considers biomass, production, transportation, and emission treatment costs from transportation and production activities. The model is solved with the Advanced Interactive Multidimensional Modeling System to determine the maximum profit and analyze biodiesel production. Peninsular Malaysia is selected as a case study. Results reveal the significant economic benefits of EFB utilization. The most profitable cases of EFB utilization are Case A, C, and D, which have the same 47 % profit margin. The maximum profit of the selected utilization pathways in Case A is USD 151,822,904 per year based on different ownerships of all EFB processed, which is 79 % lower than the result of a previous study that ignores the capacity limitations of the respective processing facilities. The environment–food–energy–water nexus is also elaborated in this study. The conclusions are obtained based on the limitation, availability, and parameters or data used in this study.

ACS Style

Nowilin James Rubinsin; Wan Ramli Wan Daud; Siti Kartom Kamarudin; Mohd Shahbudin Masdar; Masli Rosli; Sheila Samsatli; John Frederick Tapia; Wan Azlina Wan Ab Karim Ghani; Kean Long Lim. Optimization of oil palm empty fruit bunches value chain in Peninsular Malaysia. Food and Bioproducts Processing 2019, 119, 179 -194.

AMA Style

Nowilin James Rubinsin, Wan Ramli Wan Daud, Siti Kartom Kamarudin, Mohd Shahbudin Masdar, Masli Rosli, Sheila Samsatli, John Frederick Tapia, Wan Azlina Wan Ab Karim Ghani, Kean Long Lim. Optimization of oil palm empty fruit bunches value chain in Peninsular Malaysia. Food and Bioproducts Processing. 2019; 119 ():179-194.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nowilin James Rubinsin; Wan Ramli Wan Daud; Siti Kartom Kamarudin; Mohd Shahbudin Masdar; Masli Rosli; Sheila Samsatli; John Frederick Tapia; Wan Azlina Wan Ab Karim Ghani; Kean Long Lim. 2019. "Optimization of oil palm empty fruit bunches value chain in Peninsular Malaysia." Food and Bioproducts Processing 119, no. : 179-194.

Conference paper
Published: 02 July 2019 in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
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Utilisation and conversion of carbon dioxide into valuable chemicals and fuels are the promising ways to reduce carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere. In addition, the conversion of carbon dioxide into fuels, such as methane, methanol and formic acid has been proven a good method for hydrogen storage. In this work, the catalyst structure plays an important role in the production of formic acid and acetic acid at low temperature. Nickel oxide supported alumina catalysts were synthesised by using the solid-state fusion method at 550 °C and 700 °C. Calcined catalysts were characterised by X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy with X-ray photoelectron spectrometer and transmission electron microscopy. Carbon dioxide hydrogenation was performed in the batch reactor. The products obtained were analysed by using high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography with a thermal conductivity detector. The highest levels of formic acid and acetic acid production were 4.08 and 1.58 mmol/L, respectively.

ACS Style

S Z Hasan; Khairul Naim Ahmad; W N R W Isahak; M Pudukudy; Mohd Shahbudin Masdar; J M Jahim. Synthesis, Characterisation and Catalytic Activity of NiO supported Al2O3 for CO2 Hydrogenation to Carboxylic Acids: Influence of Catalyst Structure. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019, 268, 012079 .

AMA Style

S Z Hasan, Khairul Naim Ahmad, W N R W Isahak, M Pudukudy, Mohd Shahbudin Masdar, J M Jahim. Synthesis, Characterisation and Catalytic Activity of NiO supported Al2O3 for CO2 Hydrogenation to Carboxylic Acids: Influence of Catalyst Structure. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2019; 268 (1):012079.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S Z Hasan; Khairul Naim Ahmad; W N R W Isahak; M Pudukudy; Mohd Shahbudin Masdar; J M Jahim. 2019. "Synthesis, Characterisation and Catalytic Activity of NiO supported Al2O3 for CO2 Hydrogenation to Carboxylic Acids: Influence of Catalyst Structure." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 268, no. 1: 012079.

Conference paper
Published: 02 July 2019 in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
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Porous carbon is a promising research subject for CO2 capture from post combustion process, direct air capture and recently for hydrogen fuel purification application. Apart from having unique surface area and pore morphology, they can be also be prepared from low cost materials through easy synthesis route. The tuning of their pore size and N heteroatom have also proven to robust its performance in previous studies. Therefore a highly porous N-doped carbon nanoflakes from starch was prepared and its performance in CO2 capture was studied. Among the samples, starch hybrid (SH800) exhibit good CO2 capture capacity of 29.8 wt.% for biohydrogen gas adsorption at mild temperature and pressure. The sample also displayed distinct morphology of nanoflakes and carbon lattice in FESEM and XRD analysis. In summary, the sorbent is a potential material for biohydrogen CO2 capture studies.

ACS Style

Siti Aishah Anuar; Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak; Mohd Shahbudin Masdar. N-Doped porous carbon nanoflakes : Excellent adsorbent for low pressure CO2 capture. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019, 268, 012093 .

AMA Style

Siti Aishah Anuar, Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak, Mohd Shahbudin Masdar. N-Doped porous carbon nanoflakes : Excellent adsorbent for low pressure CO2 capture. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2019; 268 (1):012093.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Siti Aishah Anuar; Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak; Mohd Shahbudin Masdar. 2019. "N-Doped porous carbon nanoflakes : Excellent adsorbent for low pressure CO2 capture." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 268, no. 1: 012093.

Review
Published: 28 March 2019 in International Journal of Energy Research
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Hydrogen becomes one of the most clean energy sources. The major issues on hydrogen are lack of practical clean and high‐temperature processes and possible practical storage of clean hydrogen. An energy intensive of clean hydrogen storage via chemical and liquid fuel production route is the current demand. This article reviewed the most recent research for hydrogen (H2) production by using several methods, such as thermochemical process, thermal decomposition, biological approaches, electrolysis, and photocatalytic method. H2 storage types, including physical and chemical approaches, were also reviewed. The produced H2 was stored as valuable chemicals and fuels via CO2 hydrogenation reaction. Reactor designs are the illustrated number of design ranging from the fixed bed to the continuous stirred tank reactor. Catalyst type, catalytic system, and the related mechanism of CO2 hydrogenation reaction to form alcohol, alkanes, and carboxylic acid were also discussed in detail.

ACS Style

Nurazni Amat Bahari; Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak; Mohd Shahbudin Masdar; Zahira Yaakob. Clean hydrogen generation and storage strategies via CO 2 utilization into chemicals and fuels: A review. International Journal of Energy Research 2019, 43, 5128 -5150.

AMA Style

Nurazni Amat Bahari, Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak, Mohd Shahbudin Masdar, Zahira Yaakob. Clean hydrogen generation and storage strategies via CO 2 utilization into chemicals and fuels: A review. International Journal of Energy Research. 2019; 43 (10):5128-5150.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nurazni Amat Bahari; Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak; Mohd Shahbudin Masdar; Zahira Yaakob. 2019. "Clean hydrogen generation and storage strategies via CO 2 utilization into chemicals and fuels: A review." International Journal of Energy Research 43, no. 10: 5128-5150.

Journal article
Published: 26 March 2019 in Energy Conversion and Management
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Oxidation reaction of glycerol has the probability of producing intermediate species that may be toxic to the catalyst surface and blocks the catalyst function. Thus this study presents the performance and durability of glycerol fuel cell with novel catalyst, Palladium-Aurum catalysts supported on Vapor Grown Carbon Nanofiber to reduce this effect. The electrochemical behaviour tests indicate that nanoalloy with mole ratio of Palladium to Aurum (1:1) is the best nanocatalyst that can achieve a maximum mass current of 0.17 Amg-1 based on cyclic voltammetry analysis on glycerol oxidation in alkaline media. Apparently, the cell performance was improved from 0.0058 W cm−2 with Palladium black to 0.007 W cm−2 via Palladium-Aurum/Vapor Grown Carbon Nanofiber. Moreover, the present of Vapor Grown Carbon Nanofiber, as a support, give stability and durability to the catalyst due to unnoticeable deactivation after being used several times. In addition, the influence of the operating conditions (example: temperature and Sodium hydroxide concentration) towards the electrochemical kinetic activity was also studied in detail through the determination of the activation energies.

ACS Style

N. Yahya; S.K. Kamarudin; N.A. Karim; Mohd Shahbudin Masdar; K.S. Loh; K.L. Lim. Durability and performance of direct glycerol fuel cell with palladium-aurum/vapor grown carbon nanofiber support. Energy Conversion and Management 2019, 188, 120 -130.

AMA Style

N. Yahya, S.K. Kamarudin, N.A. Karim, Mohd Shahbudin Masdar, K.S. Loh, K.L. Lim. Durability and performance of direct glycerol fuel cell with palladium-aurum/vapor grown carbon nanofiber support. Energy Conversion and Management. 2019; 188 ():120-130.

Chicago/Turabian Style

N. Yahya; S.K. Kamarudin; N.A. Karim; Mohd Shahbudin Masdar; K.S. Loh; K.L. Lim. 2019. "Durability and performance of direct glycerol fuel cell with palladium-aurum/vapor grown carbon nanofiber support." Energy Conversion and Management 188, no. : 120-130.

Research article
Published: 12 February 2019 in PLOS ONE
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Adsorption technology has led to the development of promising techniques to purify biogas, i.e., biomethane or biohydrogen. Such techniques mainly depend on the adsorbent ability and operating parameters. This research focused on adsorption technology for upgrading biogas technique by developing a novel adsorbent. The commercial coconut shell activated carbon (CAC) and two types of gases (H2S/N2 and H2S/N2/CO2) were used. CAC was modified by copper sulfate (CuSO4), zinc acetate (ZnAc2), potassium hydroxide (KOH), potassium iodide (KI), and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) on their surface to increase the selectivity of H2S removal. Commercial H2S adsorbents were soaked in 7 wt.% of impregnated solution for 30 min before drying at 120°C for 24 h. The synthesized adsorbent’s physical and chemical properties, including surface morphology, porosity, and structures, were characterized by SEM-EDX, FTIR, XRD, TGA, and BET analyses. For real applications, the modified adsorbents were used in a real-time 0.85 L single-column adsorber unit. The operating parameters for the H2S adsorption in the adsorber unit varied in L/D ratio (0.5–2.5) and feed flow rate (1.5–5.5 L/min) where, also equivalent with a gas hourly space velocity, GHSV (212.4–780.0 hour-1) used. The performances of H2S adsorption were then compared with those of the best adsorbent that can be used for further investigation. Characterization results revealed that the impregnated solution homogeneously covered the adsorbent surface, morphology, and properties (i.e., crystallinity and surface area). BET analysis further shows that the modified adsorbents surface area decreased by up to 96%. Hence, ZnAc2–CAC clarify as the best adsorption capacity ranging within 1.3–1.7 mg H2S/g, whereby the studied extended to adsorption-desorption cycle.

ACS Style

Nurul Noramelya Zulkefli; Mohd Shahbudin Masdar; Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak; Jamaliah Md Jahim; Syahril Anuar Md Rejab; Chew Chien Lye. Removal of hydrogen sulfide from a biogas mimic by using impregnated activated carbon adsorbent. PLOS ONE 2019, 14, e0211713 .

AMA Style

Nurul Noramelya Zulkefli, Mohd Shahbudin Masdar, Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak, Jamaliah Md Jahim, Syahril Anuar Md Rejab, Chew Chien Lye. Removal of hydrogen sulfide from a biogas mimic by using impregnated activated carbon adsorbent. PLOS ONE. 2019; 14 (2):e0211713.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nurul Noramelya Zulkefli; Mohd Shahbudin Masdar; Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak; Jamaliah Md Jahim; Syahril Anuar Md Rejab; Chew Chien Lye. 2019. "Removal of hydrogen sulfide from a biogas mimic by using impregnated activated carbon adsorbent." PLOS ONE 14, no. 2: e0211713.

Journal article
Published: 05 February 2019 in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
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A three-dimensional (3D) with one straight channel computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is developed by using the ESI-CFD software to investigate the effect of varying operating parameters on the performance of direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC) and formic acid crossover from the anode to the cathode side through the membrane. Formic acid concentration (4 M–10 M), temperature (313 K–353 K), anode stoichiometry (1.5–3.0), and cathode stoichiometry (2.0–3.0) are the selected operating parameters in this study. Validation results of the DFAFC are in reasonable agreement with the typical trends reported in the literature on DFAFC performance. Simulation results indicate that formic acid concentration, temperature, anode, and cathode stoichiometry influenced the DFAFC performance and the formic acid crossover. The increments of formic acid concentration or stoichiometric ratio will improve the cell performance; however, the current densities obtained are declining to the increasing temperature. The increase in temperature of the formic acid concentration is found to lead to the decrease in performance. For the formic acid crossover phenomenon, the formic acid crossover flux increases with the increments of formic acid concentration, DFAFC operating temperature, and anode and cathode stoichiometric ratios.

ACS Style

Nur Hidayah Maslan; Masli Irwan Rosli; Mohd Shahbudin Masdar. Three-dimensional CFD modeling of a direct formic acid fuel cell. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2019, 44, 30627 -30635.

AMA Style

Nur Hidayah Maslan, Masli Irwan Rosli, Mohd Shahbudin Masdar. Three-dimensional CFD modeling of a direct formic acid fuel cell. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2019; 44 (58):30627-30635.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nur Hidayah Maslan; Masli Irwan Rosli; Mohd Shahbudin Masdar. 2019. "Three-dimensional CFD modeling of a direct formic acid fuel cell." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 44, no. 58: 30627-30635.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2019 in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
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ACS Style

Rizal Muzhafar Maaroff; Jamaliah Md Jahim; Azratul Madihah Azahar; Peer Mohamed Abdul; Mohd Shahbudin Masdar; Darman Nordin; Muhammad Azri Abd Nasir. Biohydrogen production from palm oil mill effluent (POME) by two stage anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) system for better utilization of carbon sources in POME. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2019, 44, 3395 -3406.

AMA Style

Rizal Muzhafar Maaroff, Jamaliah Md Jahim, Azratul Madihah Azahar, Peer Mohamed Abdul, Mohd Shahbudin Masdar, Darman Nordin, Muhammad Azri Abd Nasir. Biohydrogen production from palm oil mill effluent (POME) by two stage anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) system for better utilization of carbon sources in POME. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2019; 44 (6):3395-3406.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rizal Muzhafar Maaroff; Jamaliah Md Jahim; Azratul Madihah Azahar; Peer Mohamed Abdul; Mohd Shahbudin Masdar; Darman Nordin; Muhammad Azri Abd Nasir. 2019. "Biohydrogen production from palm oil mill effluent (POME) by two stage anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) system for better utilization of carbon sources in POME." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 44, no. 6: 3395-3406.

Review article
Published: 03 January 2019 in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
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Direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs) are considered a reasonable alternative power source because alcohol has a much higher energy density than hydrogen. Most DAFC development has focused on small portable application by using passive systems. DAFCs with active feed systems have appeared as potential portable power sources for larger applications, as they are easily handled, simple systems with smaller volumes than polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). A general active DAFC system consists of a fuel and oxidant supplying system, product management and fuel concentration control. However, system development and commercialization are constrained by various critical challenges. This paper highlights the critical challenges of the fuel cell system rather than fundamental problems in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA), including fuel feed fluctuation, contaminant poisoning, two-phase flow, low power density, and heat and water management.

ACS Style

D.M. Fadzillah; S.K. Kamarudin; M.A. Zainoodin; M.S. Masdar. Critical challenges in the system development of direct alcohol fuel cells as portable power supplies: An overview. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2019, 44, 3031 -3054.

AMA Style

D.M. Fadzillah, S.K. Kamarudin, M.A. Zainoodin, M.S. Masdar. Critical challenges in the system development of direct alcohol fuel cells as portable power supplies: An overview. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2019; 44 (5):3031-3054.

Chicago/Turabian Style

D.M. Fadzillah; S.K. Kamarudin; M.A. Zainoodin; M.S. Masdar. 2019. "Critical challenges in the system development of direct alcohol fuel cells as portable power supplies: An overview." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 44, no. 5: 3031-3054.

Review
Published: 21 December 2018 in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
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Biocathode application in Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is a promising alternative for sustainable energy production. This recognition is due to its low construction and operation costs as well as the utilization of microbial metabolism in assisting power generation. One of the most crucial factors contributes to the performance of a biocathode MFC is the characteristics and configuration of the biocathode material itself. Hence it requires improvement for a better understanding towards its bioelectrochemical mechanisms as well as improving the MFC performance. However, reports on improving biocathode through support material selection and performance optimization in MFCs are still lacking. Based on previous reports, studies have shown that carbon-based material and stainless steel are possible biocathode materials for high power MFC performance. This review focuses on comparing these potential biocathode materials, regarding the commonly applied biocathode MFC designs and optimization. This review also compares the performance of biocathode materials in MFC based on the bioelectricity production and wastewater treatment. Further studies and understanding can provide a useful basis in fabricating biocathode designs and configurations to produce better sustainable bioelectricity in MFCs.

ACS Style

Siti Farah Nadiah Rusli; Mimi Hani Abu Bakar; Kee Shyuan Loh; Mohd Shahbudin Mastar. Review of high-performance biocathode using stainless steel and carbon-based materials in Microbial Fuel Cell for electricity and water treatment. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2018, 44, 30772 -30787.

AMA Style

Siti Farah Nadiah Rusli, Mimi Hani Abu Bakar, Kee Shyuan Loh, Mohd Shahbudin Mastar. Review of high-performance biocathode using stainless steel and carbon-based materials in Microbial Fuel Cell for electricity and water treatment. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2018; 44 (58):30772-30787.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Siti Farah Nadiah Rusli; Mimi Hani Abu Bakar; Kee Shyuan Loh; Mohd Shahbudin Mastar. 2018. "Review of high-performance biocathode using stainless steel and carbon-based materials in Microbial Fuel Cell for electricity and water treatment." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 44, no. 58: 30772-30787.

Journal article
Published: 15 December 2018 in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
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The main problem with using membranes in a direct methanol fuel cell is the proton conductivity and methanol permeability that reduces the performance of the membrane. In addition, the cost of the membrane is very high and remains the main issue for the commercialization of Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC). To solve this problem, this study introduces rice husk ash (RHA) as a bio-filler in sulfonated polyimide (SPI) composite membranes. The bio-filler is expected to reduce the cost of the membrane and at the same time increase the performance of the membrane. In this work, agricultural rice husk waste was subjected to oxidation to produce RHA. The composite membrane displayed maximum values for the ion exchange capacity (0.2829 mmol g−1) and water uptake (55.24%). It was observed that the proton conductivity (0.2058 S cm−1) was higher than that in the pristine SPI membrane. The methanol permeability of the SPI-RHA membranes was reduced to 24 times lower than that of the pristine SPI membrane. In the DMFC passive single-cell test, the maximum power density was increased from 8.0 mW cm−1 to 13.0 mW cm−1 using a composite membrane with 15 wt % RHA. These composite membranes have proven that the addition of RHA enhanced the performances of the fuel cell and have a very high potential to act as an alternative bio-filler for the membranes used in a direct methanol fuel cell.

ACS Style

P.Y. You; S.K. Kamarudin; Mohd Shahbudin Masdar. Improved performance of sulfonated polyimide composite membranes with rice husk ash as a bio-filler for application in direct methanol fuel cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2018, 44, 1857 -1866.

AMA Style

P.Y. You, S.K. Kamarudin, Mohd Shahbudin Masdar. Improved performance of sulfonated polyimide composite membranes with rice husk ash as a bio-filler for application in direct methanol fuel cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2018; 44 (3):1857-1866.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P.Y. You; S.K. Kamarudin; Mohd Shahbudin Masdar. 2018. "Improved performance of sulfonated polyimide composite membranes with rice husk ash as a bio-filler for application in direct methanol fuel cells." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 44, no. 3: 1857-1866.

Original article
Published: 03 December 2018 in Applied Nanoscience
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Experimental conditions for the synthesis of an iron nanoparticle (NPs)–zeolite composite (hereinafter denoted as Fe/zeolite NPs) via sol–gel method were optimized using a Box–Behnken design to produce a high formic acid yield. The effects of various parameters, including weight ratio of starting materials (Fe and zeolite), volume of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a surfactant, and calcination temperature, on controllable crystallite size, and the relationship between crystallite size and formic acid yield were studied. The crystal size, as the main parameter indicating formic acid yield, of Fe NPs was evaluated through polynomial regression. Results revealed that the optimum conditions for producing small Fe NPs based on the model were obtained at a weight ratio of Fe to zeolite of 62.5%, a PEG volume of 2 mL, and a calcination temperature of 500 °C. The experimental results (52.02 nm) versus the predicted results (58.30 nm) of the crystal size of Fe NPs under the optimum synthesis conditions were similar. Furthermore, 62.5% Fe/zeolite NPs with a crystal size of 52.02 nm produced the highest formic acid concentration from CO2 hydrogenation. Conversely, 100% Fe/zeolite NPs had a smaller crystal size but exhibited a remarkably lower reaction performance. This high ratio of Fe and zeolite contributed to the increased agglomeration of Fe particles. The zeolite surface became fully covered and subsequently reduced the reactant interaction on catalyst surfaces. Highlights:

ACS Style

Nurazni Amat Bahari; Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak; Mohd Shahbudin Masdar; Muneer M. Ba-Abbad. Optimization of the controllable crystal size of iron/zeolite nanocomposites using a Box–Behnken design and their catalytic activity. Applied Nanoscience 2018, 9, 209 -224.

AMA Style

Nurazni Amat Bahari, Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak, Mohd Shahbudin Masdar, Muneer M. Ba-Abbad. Optimization of the controllable crystal size of iron/zeolite nanocomposites using a Box–Behnken design and their catalytic activity. Applied Nanoscience. 2018; 9 (2):209-224.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nurazni Amat Bahari; Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak; Mohd Shahbudin Masdar; Muneer M. Ba-Abbad. 2018. "Optimization of the controllable crystal size of iron/zeolite nanocomposites using a Box–Behnken design and their catalytic activity." Applied Nanoscience 9, no. 2: 209-224.