Background/Objectives: Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are well-known risk factors for ovarian cancer. They are also associated with response to platinum-based chemotherapy; however, their definitive impact on patient prognosis remains not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the influence of BRCA mutation status on the age of ovarian cancer onset and on treatment outcomes in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Methods: This single-center retrospective analysis included newly diagnosed FIGO stage III and IV HGSOC patients treated between June 2018 and April 2023. Patients’ age, tumor histology, CA125 levels, BRCA mutation status, type of treatment (neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy), and surgical outcomes were collected and analyzed. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test. Results: Pathogenic mutations were identified in 25 patients (15 in BRCA1, 10 in BRCA2). Patients with a BRCA mutation were diagnosed at a significantly younger age (median 58.78 years) compared to non-carriers (66.81 years; p < 0.001), with BRCA1 carriers being diagnosed the youngest (median 46.52 years). The study found no statistically significant difference in progression-free survival (PFS) between BRCA carriers and non-carriers. However, a significant improvement in overall survival (OS) was observed for patients with a BRCA1 mutation (p = 0.036). No significant OS difference was found for BRCA2 carriers. Conclusions: BRCA mutations, particularly in the BRCA1 gene, are associated with an earlier onset ovarian cancer. BRCA1 mutation appears to be a favorable prognostic factor for overall survival in patients with HGSOC. Our findings demonstrate the clinical implications of different BRCA mutations and support the need for further research in larger cohorts to confirm their influence on prognostic effects.

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis characterized by recurrent facial erythema, flushing, telangiectasia, papules, pustules and in some individuals, phymatous or ocular involvement. Its global prevalence is estimated at approximately 1-3%, with substantial geographic variability and increasing recognition in individuals with skin of color. Although its precise etiology remains multifactorial, contemporary research highlights a complex interplay of neurovascular dysregulation, innate and adaptive immune activation, microbial factors, genetic predisposition, and environmental triggers. Dysregulated cathelicidin expression, kallikrein-5 activity, inflammasome activation, and TRP-channel-mediated neurovascular responses represent key mechanistic pathways. Clinically, rosacea presents with heterogeneous phenotypes encompassing persistent erythema, episodic flushing, inflammatory lesions, phymatous changes, and ocular manifestations, necessitating individualized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Evidence-based management integrates phenotype-directed treatment algorithms and data from randomized controlled trials, demonstrating efficacy of topical azelaic acid, ivermectin, and brimonidine, as well as systemic agents such as doxycycline. Recent advances include the introduction of novel topical and systemic therapies, targeted immunomodulators, and combination regimens that address multiple pathogenic pathways. Novel therapies - such as α-adrenergic agonists, topical minocycline formulations, enhanced-delivery topical agents and laser-based technologies - represent promising advancements for phenotype-directed and mechanism-targeted treatment. This review synthesizes current evidence on epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic considerations, and contemporary treatment strategies for rosacea, integrating findings from consensus guidelines, clinical trials, and recent translational research.

Background: Digital technologies and 3D printing have transformed implant dentistry, enabling improved precision in implant placement through static and dynamic computer-assisted approaches. Ensuring accurate implant positioning is essential for long-term success, particularly in anatomically demanding or esthetic regions. Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of 3D-printed surgical guides and compare their performance with dynamic navigation, robotic systems, and freehand implant placement techniques. Materials and Methods: A structured narrative review was conducted using the PubMed database (up to November 2025). A total of 44 records were identified, of which 19 studies met the inclusion criteria. These comprised randomized clinical trials, prospective and retrospective studies, in vitro investigations, and systematic or narrative reviews. Data extraction focused on linear and angular deviations, clinical outcomes, guide design, printing technology, and planning protocols. Results: Across included studies, 3D-printed guides consistently demonstrated high accuracy, with mean platform deviations of approximately 0.2–1 mm, apical deviations of 0.5–1.6 mm, and angular deviations of 1–3°. Clinical findings mirrored in vitro results. Dynamic navigation achieved comparable accuracy, while robotic systems showed even lower angular deviations (<1.6°). Guide stability, printing technology, and imaging protocol significantly influenced outcomes. Conclusion: 3D-printed surgical guides provide predictable, clinically acceptable precision and enhance the safety and efficiency of implant placement. Dynamic and robotic systems offer promising complementary technologies. Further long-term clinical trials are needed to establish their definitive clinical impact.

Benign breast lesions comprise a wide spectrum of non-malignant proliferative, cystic, papillary, fibrotic, and inflammatory conditions that constitute the majority of abnormalities detected in breast imaging. Although inherently non-malignant, many of these lesions closely mimic malignancy on mammography, ultrasound, and MRI, presenting persistent diagnostic challenges in clinical practice. This review provides an integrated overview of the epidemiology, imaging characteristics, histopathologic features, and clinical management of the most common benign breast entities, including fibroadenoma, breast cyst, intraductal papilloma, sclerosing adenosis, fat necrosis, and radial scar. Each entity is discussed with emphasis on distinguishing imaging findings, risk associations, and the importance of radiologic-pathologic concordance in guiding management. While lesions such as fibroadenomas and simple cysts typically demonstrate benign imaging profiles and require minimal intervention, other lesions-including papillomas, radial scars, and sclerosing adenosis-are more complex due to their variable appearance and association with increased breast cancer risk. Conditions like fat necrosis and radial scars exemplify benign mimickers of malignancy, frequently resulting in false-positive imaging assessments and necessitating tissue sampling. A dedicated section highlights diagnostic pitfalls across imaging modalities and pathology, underscoring the value of multimodal assessment and careful evaluation of discordant findings. Collectively, this review reinforces the need for an individualized, correlation-driven diagnostic approach to ensure appropriate management, minimize unnecessary procedures, and maintain high diagnostic accuracy in contemporary breast imaging.

Background: The evolution of surgical practice has seen a significant shift from open surgery toward minimally invasive techniques. Conventional Laparoscopic Surgery (CLS) replaced many open procedures. It offers benefits like reduced length of hospital stay and lower infection rates. Subsequent technological advancement introduced Robot-Assisted Surgery (RAS), notably utilizing systems like Da Vinci. RAS was specifically developed to overcome the inherent technical limitations of CLS. These include restricted instrument range and two-dimensional viewing. The continuous integration of advanced technologies, including Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML), is defining the future role of technology in surgery. This moves towards enhanced precision and autonomous systems. Objective: This analysis aims to synthesize the current evidence comparing Robot-Assisted Surgery (RAS) to Conventional Laparoscopic Surgery (CLS) and open surgery. It focuses on key parameters including clinical outcomes (safety and efficacy), socio-economic costs, and surgeon ergonomics. Methods: This is a narrative synthesis drawing upon recent systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and comparative retrospective studies found in the literature. These primarily compared RAS and CLS across various surgical disciplines. Examples include colorectal surgery, gynecological surgery (e.g., hysterectomy), and nephrectomy. Results: RAS systems offer inherent technical advantages such as superior visualization (3D, high-definition) and enhanced precision due to tremor filtration, motion scaling, and articulated instruments. The learning curve for performing complex technical tasks, such as intracorporeal suturing, is significantly shorter for novice surgeons utilizing robotic assistance compared to those performing CLS. In clinical practice, RAS generally yields comparable results to CLS in terms of major postoperative complications, mortality, and readmission rates. However, RAS is consistently associated with a significantly lower conversion rate to open surgery and a shorter length of hospital stay across nearly all analyzed surgical categories. Conversely, RAS procedures are typically associated with significantly higher total costs (including hospitalization and operative costs) compared to CLS. Furthermore, the operative time for RAS is generally longer than for CLS. In terms of ergonomics, studies indicate that RAS offers better outcomes for surgeons. This results in reduced physical demand and muscle strain compared to the conventional laparoscopic technique. Conclusion: Robotic surgery shows considerable potential for the future, especially for complex surgical procedures performed in anatomically challenging areas. This is primarily due to its ability to minimize conversion rates and shorten hospital stays. Nonetheless, given the substantial associated costs, cost optimization and reduction in equipment and procedure expenses are critical steps. These are required to ensure widespread accessibility and justify its overall value compared to the cost-effective laparoscopic approach.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains a major global health burden, driven by insulin resistance, progressive β-cell dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation. Conventional pharmacotherapies often exhibit limited bioavailability, suboptimal targeting, and insufficient capacity to modulate the underlying mechanisms of disease progression. In recent years, nanotechnology has emerged as a highly promising therapeutic strategy capable of addressing these limitations. This narrative review evaluates current advancements in nanotechnology-based interventions for T2DM, with a focus on nanocarrier design, mechanisms of action, and translational potential. Across the analyzed studies, diverse nanoplatforms—including polymeric nanoparticles, lipid-based nanocarriers, nanomicelles, PLGA systems, bilosomes, gold nanoparticles, and stimulus-responsive Pickering emulsions—demonstrated significant improvements in drug stability, controlled release, intestinal absorption, and metabolic outcomes. Notably, nanocarriers enhanced the therapeutic performance of incretin-based agents (GLP-1, liraglutide), enabled progress toward oral insulin delivery, and increased the bioavailability of conventional antidiabetic drugs such as metformin and glimepiride. Additionally, nanostructures encapsulating natural bioactive compounds (e.g., naringenin, oleanolic acid, resveratrol) exhibited potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic benefits. Several innovative systems further demonstrated glucose- or pH-responsive behavior, enabling intelligent and targeted drug release. Preclinical evidence consistently showed improved glycemic control, enhanced β-cell protection, reduced inflammatory markers, and favorable effects on lipid metabolism and body weight. However, the predominance of in vitro and in vivo animal studies underscores the need for robust clinical investigations to evaluate long-term safety, pharmacokinetics, and real-world therapeutic efficacy. Overall, nanotechnology offers a promising avenue for the development of more effective, precise, and multidimensional treatments for T2DM. Continued translational and clinical research is essential to support its integration into future diabetes management.