Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) remain a critical occupational health issue for nursing personnel worldwide, resulting from physically demanding tasks such as patient handling and prolonged working hours. These injuries not only compromise nursing staff’s health but also impair their performance, productivity, and overall well-being. This review analyzes the current state of assistive technologies aimed at preventing MSDs in nursing staff, highlighting their effectiveness, implementation challenges, and potential benefits. A systematic selection of the scientific literature from major databases including Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Taylor & Francis, and ProQuest was conducted, complemented by open-access patent records. The screening process, involving two independent reviewers, achieved moderate agreement (Cohen’s Kappa = 0.418). The findings reveal that the most affected anatomical areas include the back, shoulders, and knees. Technological interventions are classified into three main categories: physical assistance devices, digital monitoring tools, and training programs. These integrated approaches offer promising avenues to enhance occupational safety, reduce injury rates, and improve nurses’ quality of life and professional performance.