This study investigated the evolving trends, current research hotspots, and future directions of radiotherapy combined with nanobiomaterials through a bibliometric analysis. Publications related to nanobiomaterials used in radiotherapy between 2004 and 2024 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database and analyzed using VOSviewer, R, and CiteSpace. China emerged as the leading contributor, accounting for 1051 publications (50.41%), followed by the USA. Liu Zhuang is the most productive author in this field. American Chemical Society (ACS) Nano published the most influential articles and accumulated the highest number of citations. Advanced Targeted Therapies in Cancer: Drug Nanocarriers, the Future of Chemotherapy was the most cited, with 1255 citations. Citation bursts have revealed emerging research trends in targeted delivery, cellular studies, co-delivery strategies, immunogenic cell death, polymeric nanoparticles, tumor research, and drug delivery systems, indicating potential avenues for future research. Over the past two decades, nanomaterials for radiotherapy have gained substantial attention. Key areas of focus include enhancing the efficacy of radiotherapy, achieving targeted drug delivery, minimizing adverse effects, and integrating nanomaterials with other therapeutic modalities. Future investigations are expected to improve the precision of radiotherapy, augment radiation effects, and optimize the tumor microenvironment.

Macrophage polarization toward the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype underlies an effective strategy for potentiating antitumor immune responses. Electrical stimulation has emerged as a potent modulator of immune cell polarization. However, conventional electrode-mediated electrical stimulation has limited penetration into deep tissues and relies on external power supplies. Here, we report on ultrasound (US)-responsive piezoelectric nanofibers, constructed by embedding manganese–titanium metal–organic frameworks (MT-MOF) within a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) matrix (MT-MOF/PAN). As a non-centrosymmetric bimetallic framework, MT-MOF generates a heterogeneous charge distribution under mechanical deformation, thereby enhancing the composite’s piezoelectric output. Furthermore, interfacial coupling between MT-MOF and the PAN nanofibers provides an additional contribution to this enhancement. Under US stimulation, MT-MOF/PAN nanofibers generates a peak voltage of 0.24 V, substantially exceeding the output of pure PAN nanofibers. In RAW-Blue cells, US-activated MT-MOF/PAN nanofibers significantly activate the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and promote the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), whereas neither US nor nanofibers alone produce this effect. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that piezoelectric stimulation induces a transient intracellular Ca²⁺ influx, as visualized by Fluo-4 acetoxymethyl ester (Fluo-4 AM) imaging, whereas US alone or nanofibers alone produce no significant effects. These findings establish MT-MOF/PAN nanofibers as a wireless, electrode-free platform for antitumor immunotherapy.

1. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system, characterized by rapid proliferation, diffuse infiltration, and profound intratumoral heterogenei...