This research paper finds that worldwide digitalisation is a key enabler of a transition to renewable energy and decentralised energy systems. Digitalization, defined as the adaptation of advanced digital technologies into previously non-digital practices also comes to be a pillar of sustainability, digitalization is becoming a key aspect of sustainable development, especially in the energy sector. The integration of digital technologies like blockchain, artificial intelligence, and Internet of Things (IoT) to big data analytics is reshaping the energy landscape with sustainability, efficiency, and resiliency. The paper explores the theoretical frameworks underpinning this digital transformation, such as socio-technical systems theory and the technological innovation system (TIS) framework. With the help of these frameworks, the paper discusses how digitalization influences not only the technical aspects of energy management but also drives new economic models and regulatory approaches. Moreover, this paper discusses the theoretical frameworks supporting this transition and highlights the social, economic, and environmental implications of a digitalized energy future.

The emerging metaverse poses new ethical and governance problems which should be seen as integration among blockchain, artificial intelligence and virtual worlds. The present study focuses on the ethical frameworks that would need to be adopted for equitable, safe and inclusive governance inside the metaverse. The key issues of concern include privacy and data protection, ownership and identity in the digital space inclusivity and discrimination. Existing principles of transparency, decentralization form basic constructs that ethical guidelines primarily address in AI, blockchain and VR they must be modified in a manner specific to the characteristics and needs of the metaverse. It points toward the urgency for strong and robust governance arrangements in the protection of rights and ethical conduct within the metaverse. The purpose of the research was made interactive as it called for participation among policy makers and legal experts in the governance models that emphasis user autonomy and privacy.