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Jian-Guo Huang; Filipe Campelo; Qianqian Ma; Yaling Zhang; Yves Bergeron; Annie Deslauriers; Patrick Fonti; Eryuan Liang; Harri Mäkinen; Walter Oberhuber; Cyrille B. K. Rathgeber; Roberto Tognetti; Václav Treml; Bao Yang; Lihong Zhai; Jiao-Lin Zhang; Serena Antonucci; J. Julio Camarero; Katarina Čufar; Henri E. Cuny; Martin De Luis; Alessio Giovannelli; Jožica Gričar; Andreas Gruber; Vladimír Gryc; Aylin Güney; Xiali Guo; Wei Huang; Tuula Jyske; Jakub Kašpar; Gregory King; Cornelia Krause; Audrey Lemay; Feng Liu; Fabio Lombardi; Edurne Martinez del Castillo; Hubert Morin; Cristina Nabais; Pekka Nöjd; Richard L. Peters; Peter Prislan; Antonio Saracino; Irene Swidrak; Hanuš Vavrčík; Joana Vieira; Biyun Yu; Shaokang Zhang; Qiao Zeng; Emanuele Ziaco; Sergio Rossi. Reply to Elmendorf and Ettinger: Photoperiod plays a dominant and irreplaceable role in triggering secondary growth resumption. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2020, 117, 32865 -32867.
AMA StyleJian-Guo Huang, Filipe Campelo, Qianqian Ma, Yaling Zhang, Yves Bergeron, Annie Deslauriers, Patrick Fonti, Eryuan Liang, Harri Mäkinen, Walter Oberhuber, Cyrille B. K. Rathgeber, Roberto Tognetti, Václav Treml, Bao Yang, Lihong Zhai, Jiao-Lin Zhang, Serena Antonucci, J. Julio Camarero, Katarina Čufar, Henri E. Cuny, Martin De Luis, Alessio Giovannelli, Jožica Gričar, Andreas Gruber, Vladimír Gryc, Aylin Güney, Xiali Guo, Wei Huang, Tuula Jyske, Jakub Kašpar, Gregory King, Cornelia Krause, Audrey Lemay, Feng Liu, Fabio Lombardi, Edurne Martinez del Castillo, Hubert Morin, Cristina Nabais, Pekka Nöjd, Richard L. Peters, Peter Prislan, Antonio Saracino, Irene Swidrak, Hanuš Vavrčík, Joana Vieira, Biyun Yu, Shaokang Zhang, Qiao Zeng, Emanuele Ziaco, Sergio Rossi. Reply to Elmendorf and Ettinger: Photoperiod plays a dominant and irreplaceable role in triggering secondary growth resumption. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2020; 117 (52):32865-32867.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJian-Guo Huang; Filipe Campelo; Qianqian Ma; Yaling Zhang; Yves Bergeron; Annie Deslauriers; Patrick Fonti; Eryuan Liang; Harri Mäkinen; Walter Oberhuber; Cyrille B. K. Rathgeber; Roberto Tognetti; Václav Treml; Bao Yang; Lihong Zhai; Jiao-Lin Zhang; Serena Antonucci; J. Julio Camarero; Katarina Čufar; Henri E. Cuny; Martin De Luis; Alessio Giovannelli; Jožica Gričar; Andreas Gruber; Vladimír Gryc; Aylin Güney; Xiali Guo; Wei Huang; Tuula Jyske; Jakub Kašpar; Gregory King; Cornelia Krause; Audrey Lemay; Feng Liu; Fabio Lombardi; Edurne Martinez del Castillo; Hubert Morin; Cristina Nabais; Pekka Nöjd; Richard L. Peters; Peter Prislan; Antonio Saracino; Irene Swidrak; Hanuš Vavrčík; Joana Vieira; Biyun Yu; Shaokang Zhang; Qiao Zeng; Emanuele Ziaco; Sergio Rossi. 2020. "Reply to Elmendorf and Ettinger: Photoperiod plays a dominant and irreplaceable role in triggering secondary growth resumption." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 52: 32865-32867.
Wood formation consumes around 15% of the anthropogenic CO2emissions per year and plays a critical role in long-term sequestration of carbon on Earth. However, the exogenous factors driving wood formation onset and the underlying cellular mechanisms are still poorly understood and quantified, and this hampers an effective assessment of terrestrial forest productivity and carbon budget under global warming. Here, we used an extensive collection of unique datasets of weekly xylem tissue formation (wood formation) from 21 coniferous species across the Northern Hemisphere (latitudes 23 to 67°N) to present a quantitative demonstration that the onset of wood formation in Northern Hemisphere conifers is primarily driven by photoperiod and mean annual temperature (MAT), and only secondarily by spring forcing, winter chilling, and moisture availability. Photoperiod interacts with MAT and plays the dominant role in regulating the onset of secondary meristem growth, contrary to its as-yet-unquantified role in affecting the springtime phenology of primary meristems. The unique relationships between exogenous factors and wood formation could help to predict how forest ecosystems respond and adapt to climate warming and could provide a better understanding of the feedback occurring between vegetation and climate that is mediated by phenology. Our study quantifies the role of major environmental drivers for incorporation into state-of-the-art Earth system models (ESMs), thereby providing an improved assessment of long-term and high-resolution observations of biogeochemical cycles across terrestrial biomes.
Jian-Guo Huang; Qianqian Ma; Sergio Rossi; Franco Biondi; Annie Deslauriers; Patrick Fonti; Eryuan Liang; Harri Mäkinen; Walter Oberhuber; Cyrille B. K. Rathgeber; Roberto Tognetti; Václav Treml; Bao Yang; Jiao-Lin Zhang; Serena Antonucci; Yves Bergeron; J. Julio Camarero; Filipe Campelo; Katarina Čufar; Henri E. Cuny; Martin De Luis; Alessio Giovannelli; Jožica Gričar; Andreas Gruber; Vladimír Gryc; Aylin Güney; Xiali Guo; Wei Huang; Tuula Jyske; Jakub Kašpar; Gregory King; Cornelia Krause; Audrey Lemay; Feng Liu; Fabio Lombardi; Edurne Martinez del Castillo; Hubert Morin; Cristina Nabais; Pekka Nöjd; Richard L. Peters; Peter Prislan; Antonio Saracino; Irene Swidrak; Hanuš Vavrčík; Joana Vieira; Biyun Yu; Shaokang Zhang; Qiao Zeng; Yaling Zhang; Emanuele Ziaco. Photoperiod and temperature as dominant environmental drivers triggering secondary growth resumption in Northern Hemisphere conifers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2020, 117, 20645 -20652.
AMA StyleJian-Guo Huang, Qianqian Ma, Sergio Rossi, Franco Biondi, Annie Deslauriers, Patrick Fonti, Eryuan Liang, Harri Mäkinen, Walter Oberhuber, Cyrille B. K. Rathgeber, Roberto Tognetti, Václav Treml, Bao Yang, Jiao-Lin Zhang, Serena Antonucci, Yves Bergeron, J. Julio Camarero, Filipe Campelo, Katarina Čufar, Henri E. Cuny, Martin De Luis, Alessio Giovannelli, Jožica Gričar, Andreas Gruber, Vladimír Gryc, Aylin Güney, Xiali Guo, Wei Huang, Tuula Jyske, Jakub Kašpar, Gregory King, Cornelia Krause, Audrey Lemay, Feng Liu, Fabio Lombardi, Edurne Martinez del Castillo, Hubert Morin, Cristina Nabais, Pekka Nöjd, Richard L. Peters, Peter Prislan, Antonio Saracino, Irene Swidrak, Hanuš Vavrčík, Joana Vieira, Biyun Yu, Shaokang Zhang, Qiao Zeng, Yaling Zhang, Emanuele Ziaco. Photoperiod and temperature as dominant environmental drivers triggering secondary growth resumption in Northern Hemisphere conifers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2020; 117 (34):20645-20652.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJian-Guo Huang; Qianqian Ma; Sergio Rossi; Franco Biondi; Annie Deslauriers; Patrick Fonti; Eryuan Liang; Harri Mäkinen; Walter Oberhuber; Cyrille B. K. Rathgeber; Roberto Tognetti; Václav Treml; Bao Yang; Jiao-Lin Zhang; Serena Antonucci; Yves Bergeron; J. Julio Camarero; Filipe Campelo; Katarina Čufar; Henri E. Cuny; Martin De Luis; Alessio Giovannelli; Jožica Gričar; Andreas Gruber; Vladimír Gryc; Aylin Güney; Xiali Guo; Wei Huang; Tuula Jyske; Jakub Kašpar; Gregory King; Cornelia Krause; Audrey Lemay; Feng Liu; Fabio Lombardi; Edurne Martinez del Castillo; Hubert Morin; Cristina Nabais; Pekka Nöjd; Richard L. Peters; Peter Prislan; Antonio Saracino; Irene Swidrak; Hanuš Vavrčík; Joana Vieira; Biyun Yu; Shaokang Zhang; Qiao Zeng; Yaling Zhang; Emanuele Ziaco. 2020. "Photoperiod and temperature as dominant environmental drivers triggering secondary growth resumption in Northern Hemisphere conifers." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 34: 20645-20652.
Xylem structure and cambial phenology (i.e. onset and cessation of cambial cell division) of conifers growing under severe water-limitations can change dramatically in relation to moisture availability. In hyperarid environments, analytical tools commonly used to investigate intra-annual variability of xylem anatomy (i.e. tracheidograms), may fail to capture the complexity of tree phenological responses to environmental conditions. This greatly limits our ability to accurately date the onset of intra-annual density variations, including the transition between earlywood and latewood. I present a new approach for developing phenological tracheidograms (“pheno-tracheidograms”) calibrated to account for the seasonal variations in cell division rates. Pheno-tracheidograms were developed for a population of Pinus ponderosa in the Mojave Desert (Nevada, USA) during the period 2015–2016 in order 1) to determine the onset date of latewood formation and 2) to investigate relationships between environmental conditions, lumen diameter, and cell wall thickness targeting specific climatic windows for each tracheid. Pheno-tracheidograms were standardized at the tree-level, showing more flexibility compared to tracheidograms standardized according to a pre-determined number of cells. By displaying cellular parameters with respect to the date of formation of the tracheid to which each measurement is associated, pheno-tracheidograms allowed to determine the beginning of latewood formation with daily resolution. Lumen diameter was significantly correlated with the onset date of cellular enlargement, while cell wall thickness showed a weaker relationship with the beginning of secondary wall deposition. Soil moisture positively affected the duration of cell enlargement and tracheid lumen diameter, particularly in the earlywood, while cell wall thickness was not significantly influenced by environmental conditions. Pheno-tracheidograms represent an empirical, yet effective way to date intra-annual xylem structures and to investigate high-resolution climate-anatomy relationships in conifer species from arid environments characterized by high phenological plasticity.
Emanuele Ziaco. A phenology-based approach to the analysis of conifers intra-annual xylem anatomy in water-limited environments. Dendrochronologia 2020, 59, 125662 .
AMA StyleEmanuele Ziaco. A phenology-based approach to the analysis of conifers intra-annual xylem anatomy in water-limited environments. Dendrochronologia. 2020; 59 ():125662.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmanuele Ziaco. 2020. "A phenology-based approach to the analysis of conifers intra-annual xylem anatomy in water-limited environments." Dendrochronologia 59, no. : 125662.
Quantitative wood anatomy represents a tool to investigate paleoclimatic signals on a seasonal to sub-seasonal basis.
Emanuele Ziaco; Eryuan Liang. New perspectives on sub-seasonal xylem anatomical responses to climatic variability. Trees 2018, 33, 973 -975.
AMA StyleEmanuele Ziaco, Eryuan Liang. New perspectives on sub-seasonal xylem anatomical responses to climatic variability. Trees. 2018; 33 (4):973-975.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmanuele Ziaco; Eryuan Liang. 2018. "New perspectives on sub-seasonal xylem anatomical responses to climatic variability." Trees 33, no. 4: 973-975.
We identified intra-annual climatic drivers of stem water relationships and growth in foundation conifers at a subalpine site in the Great Basin Desert and at a montane site in the Mojave Desert (Nevada, USA). Sites were instrumented to represent naturally different levels of heat and drought stress as part of NevCAN (the Nevada Climate and ecohydrological Assessment Network). We analyzed three years (2013–2015) of sub-hourly dendrometer records for limber (Pinus flexilis) and bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva) at the subalpine site, and for ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa) and pinyon pine (Pinus monophylla) at the montane site. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify relationships with environmental variables measured in-situ. At both sites, stem expansion occurred during the early morning and late afternoon, and irreversible stem increment was concentrated in the early morning hours. In subalpine species, stem growth started in late spring and continued until August, while at the montane site stem growth was episodic, peaking during summer monsoonal rainstorms. Circadian maximum and minimum stem size during the growing season were reversed during the dormant season at the colder/wetter subalpine site but not at the warmer/drier montane one. Knowledge of intra-annual tree-water relationships and stem growth helps understand how sky island forests grow under highly diverse climatic conditions, including severe drought and heat stress.
Emanuele Ziaco; Franco Biondi. Stem Circadian Phenology of Four Pine Species in Naturally Contrasting Climates from Sky-Island Forests of the Western USA. Forests 2018, 9, 396 .
AMA StyleEmanuele Ziaco, Franco Biondi. Stem Circadian Phenology of Four Pine Species in Naturally Contrasting Climates from Sky-Island Forests of the Western USA. Forests. 2018; 9 (7):396.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmanuele Ziaco; Franco Biondi. 2018. "Stem Circadian Phenology of Four Pine Species in Naturally Contrasting Climates from Sky-Island Forests of the Western USA." Forests 9, no. 7: 396.
Future seasonal dynamics of wood formation in hyperarid environments are still unclear. While temperature-driven extension of the growing season and increased forest productivity are expected for boreal and temperate biomes under global warming, a similar trend remains questionable in water-limited regions. We monitored cambial activity in a montane stand of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) from the Mojave Desert for two consecutive years (2015-2016) showing opposite-sign anomalies between warm- and cold-season precipitation. After the wet winter/spring of 2016, xylogenesis started two months earlier compared to 2015, characterized by abundant monsoonal (July-August) rainfall and hyperarid spring. Tree size did not influence the onset and ending of wood formation, highlighting a predominant climatic control over xylem phenological processes. Moisture conditions in the previous month, in particular soil water content and dew point, were the main drivers of cambial phenology. Latewood formation started roughly at the same time in both years, however monsoonal precipitation triggered the formation of more false rings and density fluctuations in 2015. Because of uncertainties in future precipitation patterns simulated by global change models for the southwestern USA, the dependency of Pinus ponderosa on seasonal moisture implies a greater conservation challenge than for species that respond mostly to temperature conditions.
Emanuele Ziaco; Charles Truettner; Franco Biondi; Sarah Bullock. Moisture-driven xylogenesis in Pinus ponderosa from a Mojave Desert mountain reveals high phenological plasticity. Plant, Cell & Environment 2018, 41, 823 -836.
AMA StyleEmanuele Ziaco, Charles Truettner, Franco Biondi, Sarah Bullock. Moisture-driven xylogenesis in Pinus ponderosa from a Mojave Desert mountain reveals high phenological plasticity. Plant, Cell & Environment. 2018; 41 (4):823-836.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmanuele Ziaco; Charles Truettner; Franco Biondi; Sarah Bullock. 2018. "Moisture-driven xylogenesis in Pinus ponderosa from a Mojave Desert mountain reveals high phenological plasticity." Plant, Cell & Environment 41, no. 4: 823-836.
Dendroclimatic proxies can be generated from the analysis of wood cellular structures, allowing for a more complete understanding of the physiological mechanisms that control the climatic response of tree species. Century-long (1870-2013) time series of anatomical parameters were developed for Great Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva D.K. Bailey) by capturing strongly contrasted microscopic images through a Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope. Environmental information embedded in wood anatomical series was analyzed in comparison with ring-width series using measures of empirical signal strength. Response functions were calculated against monthly climatic variables to evaluate climate sensitivity of cellular features (e.g. lumen area; lumen diameter) for the period 1950-2013. Calibration-verification tests were used to determine the potential to generate long climate reconstructions from these anatomical proxies. A total of eight tree-ring parameters (two ring-width and six chronologies of xylem anatomical parameters) were analyzed. Synchronous variability among samples varied among tree-ring parameters, usually decreasing from ring width to anatomical features. Cellular parameters linked to plant hydraulic performance (e.g. tracheid lumen area and radial lumen diameter) showed empirical signal strength similar to ring-width series, while noise was predominant in chronologies of lumen tangential width and cell-wall thickness. Climatic signals were different between anatomical and ring-width chronologies, revealing a positive and temporally stable correlation of tracheid size (i.e. lumen and cell diameter) with monthly (i.e. March) and seasonal precipitation. In particular, tracheid lumen diameter emerged as a reliable moisture indicator and was then used to reconstruct total March-August precipitation from 1870 to 2013. Wood anatomy holds great potential to refine and expand dendroclimatic records by allowing estimates of plant physiological adaptations to external stressors. Integrating xylem cellular features with ring-width chronologies can widen our understanding of past climatic variability (including annual extreme events) and improve the evaluation of long-term plant response to drought, especially in connection with future warming scenarios.
Emanuele Ziaco; Franco Biondi; Ingo Heinrich. Wood Cellular Dendroclimatology: Testing New Proxies in Great Basin Bristlecone Pine. Frontiers in Plant Science 2016, 7, 1602 .
AMA StyleEmanuele Ziaco, Franco Biondi, Ingo Heinrich. Wood Cellular Dendroclimatology: Testing New Proxies in Great Basin Bristlecone Pine. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2016; 7 ():1602.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmanuele Ziaco; Franco Biondi; Ingo Heinrich. 2016. "Wood Cellular Dendroclimatology: Testing New Proxies in Great Basin Bristlecone Pine." Frontiers in Plant Science 7, no. : 1602.
The timing of wood formation is crucial to determine how environmental factors affect tree growth. The long-lived bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva D. K. Bailey) is a foundation treeline species in the Great Basin of North America reaching stem ages of about 5000 years. We investigated stem cambial phenology and radial size variability to quantify the relative influence of environmental variables on bristlecone pine growth. Repeated cellular measurements and half-hourly dendrometer records were obtained during 2013 and 2014 for two high-elevation stands included in the Nevada Climate-ecohydrological Assessment Network. Daily time series of stem radial variations showed rehydration and expansion starting in late April–early May, prior to the onset of wood formation at breast height. Formation of new xylem started in June and lasted until mid-September. There were no differences in phenological timing between the two stands, or in the air and soil temperature thresholds for the onset of xylogenesis. A multiple logistic regression model highlighted a separate effect of air and soil temperature on xylogenesis, the relevance of which was modulated by the interaction with vapor pressure and soil water content. While air temperature plays a key role in cambial resumption after winter dormancy, soil thermal conditions coupled with snowpack dynamics also influence the onset of wood formation by regulating plant–soil water exchanges. Our results help build a physiological understanding of climate–growth relationships in P. longaeva, the importance of which for dendroclimatic reconstructions can hardly be overstated. In addition, environmental drivers of xylogenesis at the treeline ecotone, by controlling the growth of dominant species, ultimately determine ecosystem responses to climatic change.
Emanuele Ziaco; Franco Biondi; Sergio Rossi; Annie DesLauriers. Environmental drivers of cambial phenology in Great Basin bristlecone pine. Tree Physiology 2016, 36, 818 -831.
AMA StyleEmanuele Ziaco, Franco Biondi, Sergio Rossi, Annie DesLauriers. Environmental drivers of cambial phenology in Great Basin bristlecone pine. Tree Physiology. 2016; 36 (7):818-831.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmanuele Ziaco; Franco Biondi; Sergio Rossi; Annie DesLauriers. 2016. "Environmental drivers of cambial phenology in Great Basin bristlecone pine." Tree Physiology 36, no. 7: 818-831.
Emanuele Ziaco; Franco Biondi; Sergio Rossi; Annie DesLauriers. Intra-annual wood anatomical features of high-elevation conifers in the Great Basin, USA. Dendrochronologia 2014, 32, 303 -312.
AMA StyleEmanuele Ziaco, Franco Biondi, Sergio Rossi, Annie DesLauriers. Intra-annual wood anatomical features of high-elevation conifers in the Great Basin, USA. Dendrochronologia. 2014; 32 (4):303-312.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmanuele Ziaco; Franco Biondi; Sergio Rossi; Annie DesLauriers. 2014. "Intra-annual wood anatomical features of high-elevation conifers in the Great Basin, USA." Dendrochronologia 32, no. 4: 303-312.