Objective: Herein, we aimed to investigate the impact of FM in migraine patients and the specific features and discriminations of this group of migraineurs with FM according to patients without FM. Methods: 102 consecutive migraine patients among 18–50 years old who accepted to involve in the study were included. All patients were asked to complete the following self-report questionnaires for the assessment of pain-related disability, migraine-related disability, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance and quality of life. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS statistics 20 program. Results: 92% of the patients were diagnosed with episodic migraine, whereas 8% of them was diagnosed with chronic migraine (CM). Comorbid FM which was detected to present in 30.3% of the patients. FM was more frequent in CM patients and in migraine patients with aura. The analyses comparing FM (+) and FM (-) migraineurs revealed that headache frequency, migraine disease duration, headache impact test, MIDAS scores were significantly higher in FM (+) migraineurs. Furthermore, the vitality and role-emotional domains of the SF-36 resulted in worse scores in the group of FM (+) migraineurs. Conclusion: The results of our study may suggest the presence of FM as a clinical sign of a more severe migraine. However, the long-term prospective studies including these group of patients are needed to understand the prognostic impact and importance of the comorbid FM in migraine. Abbreviations: FM: Fibromyalgia; MIDAS: Migraine Disability Assessment

Opercular syndrome, also known as Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome, is a paralysis of the facial, pharyngeal, masticatory, tongue, laryngeal, and brachial muscles. It is a rare cortical form of pseudobulbar palsies caused by vascular insults to bilateral operculum. Its clinical presentations include anarthria, weakness of voluntary muscles involving face, tongue, pharynx, larynx, and masticatory muscles. However, autonomic reflexes and emotional activities of these structures are preserved. In the present case, an 81-year-old male presented with acute onset of anarthria with difficulties in chewing, speaking, and swallowing that was diagnosed with opercular syndrome.

Objective: This study aimed to compare cognitive skills in epilepsy patients and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) patients who have no history of frequent seizures to those of a healthy control group. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2017 and June 2019 and included 103 epilepsy patients, 100 PNES patients, and 101 healthy controls, aged 18 to 60 years. Patients with fewer than 12 annual seizure episodes and no history of seizures during the last 30 days were added to the study. A sociodemographic data form, the Beck Anxiety and Depression Scales, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Digit Span test, and Stroop Color-Word Interference Test were used. Results: Compared to the control group, sub-component scores were significantly lower in naming, attention, abstract thinking, and delayed recall for the epilepsy and PNES groups. Sub-component scores in orientation, executive functioning, and delayed recall were significantly lower in the epilepsy group compared to the PNES group. Digits Backward subtest scores and total Digit Span test scores were significantly lower in the epilepsy and PNES groups. Patients in the epilepsy and PNES groups took longer to complete the Stroop test and made more errors and corrections compared to the healthy controls. There was a negative correlation between the duration of the disease and the total Digit Span score in the epilepsy group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the epilepsy group showed reduced cognitive scores even though they did not suffer from frequent seizures and were not drug-resistant.