Background and Objectives: Hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal fillers are among the most widely used injectable materials in esthetic medicine. They are generally safe, but delayed inflammatory reactions (DIRs) have been observed, particularly after viral infections or vaccinations. Such events have raised questions about the role of immune activation in filler-related complications. This review examined the available literature on DIRs to HA fillers that occurred in the context of viral illness or immunization, with attention to how these reactions present and how they are managed. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was carried out in PubMed, ScienceDirect, ClinicalKey, and Google Scholar between October and November 2024. Only human case reports and case series were included. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251030918), and study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Results: Six publications met inclusion criteria: four case series and two case reports, describing 25 women between 22 and 65 years of age. Patients developed swelling, erythema, angioedema, or, in severe cases, marked facial edema after HA filler injections, with symptom onset ranging from several hours to several weeks following viral exposure. Corticosteroids and hyaluronidase were the most common treatments, though milder cases sometimes resolved without intervention. Study quality varied, with some reports providing limited detail on patient characteristics and follow-up. Conclusions: DIRs associated with viral infections or vaccinations remain uncommon but clinically relevant complications of HA filler use. Limited case-based evidence indicates potential effectiveness of corticosteroids and hyaluronidase, though management practices remain inconsistent. Larger prospective studies are needed to clarify underlying mechanisms and to establish standardized guidelines for treatment.

Background: Disorders of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) affect millions worldwide and rank among the most frequent causes of orofacial pain unrelated to dental disease. Beyond discomfort, they can restrict mandibular motion and impair chewing efficiency. Arthrocentesis has been adopted as a favored surgical approach after conservative therapy fails since joint lavage can reduce inflammation and restore mobility with minimal invasiveness. A variety of irrigants are available for this procedure, including normal saline, Ringer’s lactate, and ozonated water, each offering potential therapeutic advantages. However, the comparative effectiveness of these solutions in terms of pain reduction and functional recovery has not been clearly established, warranting systematic evaluation. Materials and Methods: Following PRISMA recommendations, a literature search was conducted in PubMed and ScienceDirect between 10 October and 14 November 2024. The search focused on studies published in English within the past ten years that examined arthrocentesis for temporomandibular joint disorders using normal saline, Ringer’s lactate, or ozonated water as the irrigant. Results: Seven clinical trials involving 220 patients were included, of which three provided data suitable for meta-analysis. Qualitative synthesis indicated that all irrigants reduced pain (VAS) and improved maximum mouth opening (MMO), with ozonated water showing the greatest mean improvements (VAS reduction 6.2 points; MMO gain 12.9 mm). Ringer’s lactate and saline also demonstrated clinically relevant effects. Quantitative analysis revealed no baseline group differences (VAS p = 0.800; MMO p = 0.935). Short-term (≤1 month) random effects models showed non-significant changes for VAS (Fisher’s z = 1.32; 95% CI −2.64 to 0.00) and MMO (z = 0.04; 95% CI −0.14 to 0.21). At 3–6 months, ozonated water produced a statistically significant reduction in pain (z = −0.34; 95% CI −0.53 to −0.15), whereas MMO remained unchanged (z = 0.05; 95% CI −0.13 to 0.22). Conclusions: Arthrocentesis with any irrigant improves TMD symptoms. Ozonated water demonstrated the strongest long-term analgesic effect, but MMO improvements did not reach significance. Larger, standardized randomized trials are required to validate these findings.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the reference standard for evaluating temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, particularly for assessing disc position, joint effusion, and degenerative changes. With increasing imaging demands and advances in deep learning, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a potential adjunct to expert interpretation. This systematic review aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of AI-based models with that of human experts in TMJ MRI analysis. Methods: This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251174127). A systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, and Springer Nature Link was performed for studies published between 2020 and 2026. Eligible studies included human participants undergoing TMJ MRI and evaluated AI, machine learning, or deep learning models against human expert interpretation. Extracted outcomes included sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and agreement metrics. Risk of bias was assessed using QUADAS-2. Due to substantial heterogeneity, a narrative synthesis was conducted. Results: Five retrospective diagnostic accuracy studies were included, comprising sample sizes ranging from 118 to 1474 patients. Target conditions included anterior disc displacement, joint effusion, osteoarthritis, and disc perforation. AI models demonstrated strong discriminative performance, with reported AUC values ranging from 0.79 to 0.98. In direct comparisons, AI achieved diagnostic accuracy comparable to experienced radiologists. AI systems frequently demonstrated higher specificity and similar overall accuracy, whereas human experts often showed higher sensitivity. In osteoarthritis assessment, AI performance approached expert level and exceeded that of less experienced readers. All studies were retrospective and predominantly single-center, with heterogeneous reference standards and limited external validation. Conclusions: AI achieves diagnostic performance comparable to experienced clinicians in TMJ MRI interpretation and shows promise as a decision-support tool. Nevertheless, it should be regarded as complementary to, rather than a replacement for, expert radiological assessment pending further rigorous validation.

Background and Clinical Significance: Meningiomas are among the most common primary intracranial tumors, usually benign and slow-growing. Extracranial extension is exceptionally rare, particularly when arising from convexity meningiomas extending into the temporal fossa. Such cases pose unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to their atypical growth patterns and anatomical complexity. Case Presentation: A 63-year-old woman previously treated for a right temporal convexity meningioma with subtotal resection and Gamma Knife radiosurgery demonstrated progressive extracranial tumor growth over five years, while the intracranial component remained stable. MRI revealed infiltration of the temporalis and lateral pterygoid muscles and erosion of the temporal bone. Due to extensive extracranial involvement and limited neurosurgical accessibility, resection was performed by a maxillofacial surgical team through a preauricular approach. Intraoperatively, the tumor was encapsulated but adherent to the deep temporal fascia and zygomatic arch. The temporal branch of the facial nerve was identified and preserved. Histopathology confirmed a meningothelial meningioma, WHO Grade I, with low proliferative activity (Ki-67 < 1%). Postoperative recovery was uneventful, with transient facial nerve weakness that resolved within weeks. Conclusions: This report adds to the limited literature describing temporal fossa involvement by convexity meningiomas and illustrates the value of collaboration between neurosurgical and maxillofacial teams. Regular MRI surveillance every 6–12 months is advised for early detection of recurrence.

Background/Objectives: Preoperative anxiety is common in adult patients undergoing oral and dentoalveolar surgical procedures under local anesthesia and may impair cooperation, physiological stability, and overall treatment experience. While intravenous sedation and general anesthesia provide effective anxiolysis, they increase anesthetic exposure and recovery demands. Targeted preoperative anxiolysis offers a less invasive strategy to reduce anxiety while preserving responsiveness. However, approaches vary and standardized protocols are lacking. This systematic review evaluated the efficacy and safety of preoperative anxiolytic interventions—including both pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies—in adult patients undergoing oral surgical procedures under local anesthesia without general anesthesia or deep sedation. Methods: The review adhered to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD420261281592). Randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials published between 2016 and 2026 were identified through structured searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Springer Nature Link. Eligible studies included adult patients undergoing oral surgery under local anesthesia and evaluated preoperative anxiolysis using validated instruments such as the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS), State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Visual Analog Scale for Anxiety (VAS-A). Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. Owing to methodological heterogeneity, results were synthesized narratively. Results: Eight trials (n = 617) met the inclusion criteria. Interventions included oral benzodiazepines, melatonin, pregabalin, herbal agents, nitrous oxide, and auriculotherapy. Benzodiazepines consistently reduced anxiety scores (p < 0.05) without significant interagent differences. Pregabalin at a dose of 150 mg significantly lowered STAI-S and VAS-A scores (p < 0.001). Passiflora incarnata was comparable to midazolam and superior to placebo, whereas Erythrina mulungu showed no effect. Melatonin results were inconsistent. Hemodynamics remained stable, and adverse events were mild. Conclusions: Preoperative anxiolysis under local anesthesia effectively reduces anticipatory anxiety in oral surgery, with benzodiazepines demonstrating the most consistent efficacy. Further standardized trials are warranted.