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Dr. Jacquelyn Nagel
Department of Engineering, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA

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0 Automation
0 Mechatronics
0 Bio-inspired design process
0 Methods and tools
0 Bio-inspired design pedagogy

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Bio-inspired design process
Bio-inspired design pedagogy
Methods and tools

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Journal article
Published: 18 July 2021 in Sustainability
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Bioinspired design has been applied in sustainable design (e.g., lightweight structures) to learn from nature and support material structure functionalities. Natural structures usually require modification in practice because they were evolved in natural environmental conditions that can be different from industrial applications. Topology optimization is a method to find the optimal design solution by considering the material external physical environment. Therefore, integrating topology optimization into bioinspired design can benefit sustainable material structure designers in meeting the purpose of using bioinspired concepts to find the optimal solution in the material functional environment. Current research in both sustainable design and materials science, however, has not led to a method to assist material structure designers to design structures with bioinspired concepts and use topology optimization to find the optimal solution. Systems thinking can seamlessly fill this gap and provide a systemic methodology to achieve this goal. The objective of this research is to develop a systems approach that incorporates topology optimization into bioinspired design, and simultaneously takes into consideration additive manufacturing processing conditions to ensure the material structure functionality. The method is demonstrated with three lightweight material structure designs: spiderweb, turtle shell, and maze. Environmental impact assessment and finite element analysis were conducted to evaluate the functionality and emissions of the designs. This research contributes to the sustainable design knowledge by providing an innovative systems thinking-based bioinspired design of material structures. In addition, the research results enhance materials knowledge with an understanding of mechanical properties of three material structures: turtle shell, spiderweb, and maze. This research systemically connects four disciplines, including bioinspired design, manufacturing, systems thinking, and lightweight structure materials.

ACS Style

William Ryan-Johnson; Larson Wolfe; Christopher Byron; Jacquelyn Nagel; Hao Zhang. A Systems Approach of Topology Optimization for Bioinspired Material Structures Design Using Additive Manufacturing. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8013 .

AMA Style

William Ryan-Johnson, Larson Wolfe, Christopher Byron, Jacquelyn Nagel, Hao Zhang. A Systems Approach of Topology Optimization for Bioinspired Material Structures Design Using Additive Manufacturing. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):8013.

Chicago/Turabian Style

William Ryan-Johnson; Larson Wolfe; Christopher Byron; Jacquelyn Nagel; Hao Zhang. 2021. "A Systems Approach of Topology Optimization for Bioinspired Material Structures Design Using Additive Manufacturing." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 8013.

Journal article
Published: 21 July 2019 in Designs
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This paper discusses the investigation of a Concept-Knowledge (C-K) theory based approach for generating innovative design solutions in bioinspired design projects. Undergraduate students enrolled in sophomore engineering design courses at both the University of Georgia (UGA) and James Madison University (JMU) completed bioinspired design projects using C-K theory based templates. Hypothesis testing, principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machine (SVM) techniques were applied on the students’ performance scores of a C-K theory based bioinspired design process to identify the biomimicry attributes which supported the evolution of innovative design solutions. Results from the analysis suggest that the C-K theory based approach is useful for generating innovative design solutions.

ACS Style

Prabaharan Graceraj P.; Jacquelyn K. Nagel; Christopher S. Rose; Ramana M. Pidaparti. Investigation of C-K Theory Based Approach for Innovative Solutions in Bioinspired Design. Designs 2019, 3, 39 .

AMA Style

Prabaharan Graceraj P., Jacquelyn K. Nagel, Christopher S. Rose, Ramana M. Pidaparti. Investigation of C-K Theory Based Approach for Innovative Solutions in Bioinspired Design. Designs. 2019; 3 (3):39.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Prabaharan Graceraj P.; Jacquelyn K. Nagel; Christopher S. Rose; Ramana M. Pidaparti. 2019. "Investigation of C-K Theory Based Approach for Innovative Solutions in Bioinspired Design." Designs 3, no. 3: 39.

Chapter
Published: 17 May 2019 in Design Education Today
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Every day, engineers are confronted with complex challenges that range from personal to municipal to national needs. The ability for future engineers to work in cross-disciplinary environments will be an essential competency. One approach to achieving this essential competency is teaching biomimicry or bio-inspired design in an engineering curriculum. Bio-inspired design encourages learning from nature to generate innovative designs for man-made technical challenges that are more economic, efficient and sustainable than ones conceived entirely from first principles. This chapter reviews current teaching practices and courses in engineering curricula for training students in multidisciplinary design innovation through bio-inspired design. Emphasis is placed on theory-based and evidenced-based approaches that have demonstrated learning impact. The significance and implications of teaching bio-inspired design in an engineering curriculum are discussed, and connections to how the essential competencies of future engineers are fostered is addressed. Teaching bio-inspired design in an engineering curriculum using cross-disciplinary approaches will not only develop essential competencies of tomorrow’s engineer, but also enable students to become change agents and promote a sustainable future.

ACS Style

Jacquelyn K. S. Nagel; Christopher Rose; Cheri Beverly; Ramana Pidaparti. Bio-inspired Design Pedagogy in Engineering. Design Education Today 2019, 149 -178.

AMA Style

Jacquelyn K. S. Nagel, Christopher Rose, Cheri Beverly, Ramana Pidaparti. Bio-inspired Design Pedagogy in Engineering. Design Education Today. 2019; ():149-178.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacquelyn K. S. Nagel; Christopher Rose; Cheri Beverly; Ramana Pidaparti. 2019. "Bio-inspired Design Pedagogy in Engineering." Design Education Today , no. : 149-178.

Communication
Published: 30 November 2018 in Designs
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Function is a key central concept to the practice of biomimicry. Many published models of the biomimicry process include steps to identify, understand, and translate function of biological systems. Examples include functional modeling, decomposition, or abstraction with tools specifically designed to facilitate such steps. A functional approach to biomimicry yields a semantic bridge between biology and engineering, enabling practitioners from a variety of backgrounds to more easily communicate and collaborate in a biomimicry design process. Although analysis of function is likely a necessary part of biomimicry design, recent work suggests it is not sufficient without a more systematic understanding of the complex biological context in which a function exists (e.g., scale and trade-offs). Consequently, emerging tools such as ontologies are being developed that attempt to capture the intricacies of biological systems (including functions), such as their complex environmental and behavioral interactions. However, due to the complexity of such tools, they may be under-utilized. Here, we propose a solution through a computer-aided user interface tool which integrates a biomimetic ontology with a thesaurus-based functional approach to biomimicry. Through a proof of concept illustrative case study, we demonstrate how merging existing tools can facilitate the biomimicry process in a systematic and collaborative way, broadening solution discovery. This work offers an approach to making existing tools, specifically the BioMimetic Ontology, more accessible and encompassing of different perspectives via semantic translation and interface design. This provides the user with the opportunity to interface and extract information from both the Engineering-to-Biology Thesaurus and the BioMimetic Ontology in a way that was not possible before. The proposed E2BMO tool not only increases the accessibility of the BioMimetic Ontology, which ultimately aims to streamline engineers’ interaction with the bio-inspired design process, but also provides an option for practitioners to traverse biological knowledge along the way, encouraging greater interdisciplinary collaboration and consideration when conducting biomimicry research.

ACS Style

Sarah J. McInerney; Banafsheh Khakipoor; Austin M. Garner; Thibaut Houette; Colleen K. Unsworth; Ariana Rupp; Nicholas Weiner; Julian F. V. Vincent; Jacquelyn K. S. Nagel; Peter H. Niewiarowski. E2BMO: Facilitating User Interaction with a BioMimetic Ontology via Semantic Translation and Interface Design. Designs 2018, 2, 53 .

AMA Style

Sarah J. McInerney, Banafsheh Khakipoor, Austin M. Garner, Thibaut Houette, Colleen K. Unsworth, Ariana Rupp, Nicholas Weiner, Julian F. V. Vincent, Jacquelyn K. S. Nagel, Peter H. Niewiarowski. E2BMO: Facilitating User Interaction with a BioMimetic Ontology via Semantic Translation and Interface Design. Designs. 2018; 2 (4):53.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sarah J. McInerney; Banafsheh Khakipoor; Austin M. Garner; Thibaut Houette; Colleen K. Unsworth; Ariana Rupp; Nicholas Weiner; Julian F. V. Vincent; Jacquelyn K. S. Nagel; Peter H. Niewiarowski. 2018. "E2BMO: Facilitating User Interaction with a BioMimetic Ontology via Semantic Translation and Interface Design." Designs 2, no. 4: 53.

Journal article
Published: 20 November 2018 in Designs
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Biological systems have evolved over billions of years and cope with changing conditions through the adaptation of morphology, physiology, or behavior. Learning from these adaptations can inspire engineering innovation. Several bio-inspired design tools and methods prescribe the use of analogies, but lack details for the identification and application of promising analogies. Further, inexperienced designers tend to have a more difficult time recognizing or creating analogies from biological systems. This paper reviews biomimicry literature to establish analogy categories as a tool for knowledge transfer between biology and engineering to aid bio-inspired design that addresses the common issues. Two studies were performed with the analogy categories. A study of commercialized products verifies the set of categories, while a controlled design study demonstrates the utility of the categories. The results of both studies offer valuable information and insights into the complexity of analogical reasoning and transfer, as well as what leads to biological inspiration versus imitation. The influence on bio-inspired design pedagogy is also discussed. The breadth of the analogy categories is sufficient to capture the knowledge transferred from biology to engineering for bio-inspired design. The analogy categories are a design method independent tool and are applicable for professional product design, research, and teaching purposes.

ACS Style

Jacquelyn K.S. Nagel; Linda Schmidt; Werner Born. Establishing Analogy Categories for Bio-Inspired Design. Designs 2018, 2, 47 .

AMA Style

Jacquelyn K.S. Nagel, Linda Schmidt, Werner Born. Establishing Analogy Categories for Bio-Inspired Design. Designs. 2018; 2 (4):47.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacquelyn K.S. Nagel; Linda Schmidt; Werner Born. 2018. "Establishing Analogy Categories for Bio-Inspired Design." Designs 2, no. 4: 47.

Journal article
Published: 27 November 2017 in International Journal of STEM Education
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Preparing today’s undergraduate students from science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) and related health professions to solve wide-sweeping healthcare challenges is critical. Moreover, it is imperative that educators help students develop the capabilities needed to meet those challenges, including problem solving, collaboration, and an ability to work with rapidly evolving technologies. We piloted a multidisciplinary education (ME) course aimed at filling this gap, and subsequently assessed whether or not students identified achieving the course objectives. In the course, undergraduate students from engineering, pre-nursing (students not yet admitted to the nursing program), and pre-professional health (e.g., pre-med and pre-physician’s assistant) were grouped based on their diversity of background, major, and StrengthsFinder® proficiencies in a MakerSpace to create tangible solutions to health-related problems facing the community. We then used qualitative content analysis to assess the research question: what is the impact of undergraduate multidisciplinary education offered in a MakerSpace on student attitudes towards and perceptions of skills required in their own as well as others occupations? We discovered these students were able to identify and learn capabilities that will be critical in their future work. For example, students appreciated the challenging problems they encountered and the ability to meet demands using cutting-edge technologies including 3D printers. Moreover, they learned the value of working in a multidisciplinary group. We expected some of these findings, such as an increased ability to work in teams. However, some themes were unexpected, including students explicitly appreciating the method of teaching that focused on experiential student learning through faculty mentoring. These findings can be used to guide additional research. Moreover, offering a variety of these courses is a necessary step to prepare students for the current and future workforce. Finally, these classes should include a focus on intentional team creation with the goal of allowing students to solve challenging real-world problems through ethical reasoning and collaboration.

ACS Style

Patrice M. Ludwig; Jacquelyn K. Nagel; Erica J. Lewis. Student learning outcomes from a pilot medical innovations course with nursing, engineering, and biology undergraduate students. International Journal of STEM Education 2017, 4, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Patrice M. Ludwig, Jacquelyn K. Nagel, Erica J. Lewis. Student learning outcomes from a pilot medical innovations course with nursing, engineering, and biology undergraduate students. International Journal of STEM Education. 2017; 4 (1):1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Patrice M. Ludwig; Jacquelyn K. Nagel; Erica J. Lewis. 2017. "Student learning outcomes from a pilot medical innovations course with nursing, engineering, and biology undergraduate students." International Journal of STEM Education 4, no. 1: 1-14.

Journal article
Published: 26 April 2016 in INSIGHT
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ACS Style

Jacquelyn K.S. Nagel. SYSTEMATIC BIO-INSPIRED DESIGN: HOW FAR ALONG ARE WE? INSIGHT 2016, 19, 32 -35.

AMA Style

Jacquelyn K.S. Nagel. SYSTEMATIC BIO-INSPIRED DESIGN: HOW FAR ALONG ARE WE? INSIGHT. 2016; 19 (1):32-35.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacquelyn K.S. Nagel. 2016. "SYSTEMATIC BIO-INSPIRED DESIGN: HOW FAR ALONG ARE WE?" INSIGHT 19, no. 1: 32-35.

Journal article
Published: 18 October 2013 in Micromachines
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Sensors are an integral part of many engineered products and systems. Biological inspiration has the potential to improve current sensor designs as well as inspire innovative ones. This paper presents the design of an innovative, biologically-inspired chemical sensor that performs “up-front” processing through mechanical means. Inspiration from the physiology (function) of the guard cell coupled with the morphology (form) and physiology of tropomyosin resulted in two concept variants for the chemical sensor. Applications of the sensor design include environmental monitoring of harmful gases, and a non-invasive approach to detect illnesses including diabetes, liver disease, and cancer on the breath.

ACS Style

Jacquelyn K.S. Nagel. Guard Cell and Tropomyosin Inspired Chemical Sensor. Micromachines 2013, 4, 378 -401.

AMA Style

Jacquelyn K.S. Nagel. Guard Cell and Tropomyosin Inspired Chemical Sensor. Micromachines. 2013; 4 (4):378-401.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacquelyn K.S. Nagel. 2013. "Guard Cell and Tropomyosin Inspired Chemical Sensor." Micromachines 4, no. 4: 378-401.

Book chapter
Published: 17 July 2013 in Biologically Inspired Design
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Biological systems provide insight into sustainable and adaptable design, which often leads to designs that are more elegant, efficient, and sustainable. There are, however, significant hurdles to performing bioinspired design. This chapter presents a design tool, the engineering-to-biology thesaurus, that addresses several challenges engineers may encounter when performing bioinspired design, allowing engineers without advanced biological knowledge to leverage nature’s ingenuity during engineering design. Along with the thesaurus tables, detailed information on the thesaurus model, structure, population, term placement, term placement review, and limitations is provided. Applications of the design tool are discussed. Examples are provided to demonstrate the goals and applications of the design tool followed by a review of integration with computational design tools.

ACS Style

Jacquelyn K. S. Nagel. A Thesaurus for Bioinspired Engineering Design. Biologically Inspired Design 2013, 63 -94.

AMA Style

Jacquelyn K. S. Nagel. A Thesaurus for Bioinspired Engineering Design. Biologically Inspired Design. 2013; ():63-94.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacquelyn K. S. Nagel. 2013. "A Thesaurus for Bioinspired Engineering Design." Biologically Inspired Design , no. : 63-94.

Book chapter
Published: 17 July 2013 in Biologically Inspired Design
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A “big picture” approach to a systematic, function-based (drawing from a Pahl and Beitz approach) biologically inspired design is presented in this chapter. The approach supports two different starting, or perhaps motivating, points: a customer need motivated product design and a biological system motivated product opportunity. Both approaches rely on a designer’s ability to create a functional model that either captures customer needs or represents the biological system of interest. This methodology relies directly on the designer’s ability to make connections between dissimilar domain information. Following presentation of the methodology are two validation approaches. One examines current biologically inspired products either in production or presented in the literature to demonstrate that the systematic design methodology for biologically inspired design can reproduce the existing design. The second validation exercise investigates three needs–based design problems that lead to plausible biologically inspired solutions.

ACS Style

Jacquelyn K. S. Nagel; Robert B. Stone; Daniel A. McAdams. Function-Based Biologically Inspired Design. Biologically Inspired Design 2013, 95 -125.

AMA Style

Jacquelyn K. S. Nagel, Robert B. Stone, Daniel A. McAdams. Function-Based Biologically Inspired Design. Biologically Inspired Design. 2013; ():95-125.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacquelyn K. S. Nagel; Robert B. Stone; Daniel A. McAdams. 2013. "Function-Based Biologically Inspired Design." Biologically Inspired Design , no. : 95-125.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2011 in International Journal of Design Engineering
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ACS Style

Jacquelyn K.S. Nagel; Robert L. Nagel; Robert B. Stone. Abstracting biology for engineering design. International Journal of Design Engineering 2011, 4, 23 .

AMA Style

Jacquelyn K.S. Nagel, Robert L. Nagel, Robert B. Stone. Abstracting biology for engineering design. International Journal of Design Engineering. 2011; 4 (1):23.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacquelyn K.S. Nagel; Robert L. Nagel; Robert B. Stone. 2011. "Abstracting biology for engineering design." International Journal of Design Engineering 4, no. 1: 23.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2010 in Volume 1: 36th Design Automation Conference, Parts A and B
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The natural world provides numerous cases for analogy and inspiration in engineering design. Biological organisms, phenomena and strategies, herein referred to as biological systems, are, in essence, living engineered systems. These living systems provide insight into sustainable and adaptable design and offer engineers billions of years of valuable experience, which can be used to inspire engineering innovation. This research presents a general method for functionally representing biological systems through systematic design techniques, affording conceptualization of biologically-inspired, engineering designs. Functional representation and abstraction techniques are utilized to translate biological systems into an engineering context. Thus, the biological system information is accessible to engineering designers with varying biological knowledge, but a common understanding of engineering design methods. Functional modeling is typically driven by customer needs or product re-designs; however, these cannot be applied to biological systems. Thus, we propose the use of biological category and scale to guide the design process. Mimicry categories and scales, in addition to answering a design question, aid the designer with defining boundaries or scope when developing a biological functional model. Biological category assists with framing the information in the right perspective, where as, biological scale deals with how much detail is required for an adequate representation of the biological system to utilize the information with a chosen engineering design method. In our case, the engineering design method is function-based design. Choosing a category serves to refine the boundary, but, like scale, its consideration might prompt the designer to consider the same biological system in a new and unique way leading to new ideas. General guidelines for modeling biological systems at varying scales and categories are given, along with two modeling examples.

ACS Style

Jacquelyn K. S. Nagel; Robert B. Stone; Daniel A. McAdams. Exploring the Use of Category and Scale to Scope a Biological Functional Model. Volume 1: 36th Design Automation Conference, Parts A and B 2010, 139 -150.

AMA Style

Jacquelyn K. S. Nagel, Robert B. Stone, Daniel A. McAdams. Exploring the Use of Category and Scale to Scope a Biological Functional Model. Volume 1: 36th Design Automation Conference, Parts A and B. 2010; ():139-150.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacquelyn K. S. Nagel; Robert B. Stone; Daniel A. McAdams. 2010. "Exploring the Use of Category and Scale to Scope a Biological Functional Model." Volume 1: 36th Design Automation Conference, Parts A and B , no. : 139-150.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2010 in Volume 1: 36th Design Automation Conference, Parts A and B
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Engineering design is considered a creative field that involves many activities with the end goal of a new product that fulfills a purpose. Utilization of systematic methods or tools that aid in the design process is recognized as standard practice in industry and academia. The tools are used for a number of design activities (i.e., idea generation, concept generation, inspiration searches, functional modeling) and can span across engineering disciplines, the sciences (i.e., biology, chemistry) or a non-engineering domain (i.e., medicine), with an overall focus of encouraging creative engineering designs. Engineers, however, have struggled with utilizing the vast amount of biological information available from the natural world around them. Often it is because there is a knowledge gap or terminology is difficult, and the time needed to learn and understand the biology is not feasible. This paper presents an engineering-to-biology thesaurus, which we propose affords engineers, with limited biological background, a tool for leveraging nature’s ingenuity during many steps of the design process. Additionally, the tool could also increase the probability of designing biologically-inspired engineering solutions. Biological terms in the thesaurus are correlated to the engineering domain through pairing with a synonymous function or flow term of the Functional Basis lexicon, which supports functional modeling and abstract representation of any functioning system. The second version of the thesaurus presented in this paper represents an integration of three independent research efforts, which include research from Oregon State University, the University of Toronto, and the Indian Institute of Science, and their industrial partners. The overall approach for term integration and the final results are presented. Applications to the areas of design inspiration, comprehension of biological information, functional modeling, creative design and concept generation are discussed. An example of comprehension and functional modeling are presented.

ACS Style

Jacquelyn K. S. Nagel; Robert B. Stone; Daniel A. McAdams. An Engineering-to-Biology Thesaurus for Engineering Design. Volume 1: 36th Design Automation Conference, Parts A and B 2010, 117 -128.

AMA Style

Jacquelyn K. S. Nagel, Robert B. Stone, Daniel A. McAdams. An Engineering-to-Biology Thesaurus for Engineering Design. Volume 1: 36th Design Automation Conference, Parts A and B. 2010; ():117-128.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacquelyn K. S. Nagel; Robert B. Stone; Daniel A. McAdams. 2010. "An Engineering-to-Biology Thesaurus for Engineering Design." Volume 1: 36th Design Automation Conference, Parts A and B , no. : 117-128.