The results of research on S. alba antioxidants collected from the coast of Wori Village, North Sulawesi, especially about S. alba leaves that have undergone drying have very strong antioxidant activity, so far there have been no research reports on antioxidants in young leaves that have not been dried (fresh) from the location of Wori Village. The purpose of this study was to explore the antioxidant potential of fresh young leaves of S.alba mangroves collected on the coast of Wori Village, North Sulawesi. The method used in this study is exploratory, the data is analyzed descriptively, the treatment used is the length of extraction time of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes with boiling water, the test parameters used are antioxidant activity using the DPPH method (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil) and supporting parameters, namely yield, phytochemistry qualitatively and total phenol content using the Folin-Ciocalteau method. The results obtained were as follows: the highest yield was found at 30 minutes extraction time which was 30.97%, phytochemical components detected at all extraction time were alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and phenolics, the highest total phenol content was found at 15 minutes extraction time of 0.7388 ± 0.044 mg GAE / g, the strongest antioxidant activity of 15 minutes straction with IC value50DPPH = 21.05±2.95 μg / ml. In general, it can be concluded that the best treatment is the duration of extraction time in boiling water for 15 minutes because it has the highest total phenol content and the samllest IC50DPPH value. Kata kunci: young leaves of S.alba, boiling water extract, antioxidant activity Hasil penelitian tentang antioksidan S.alba yang dikoleksi dari pesisir Desa Wori Sulawesi Utara khususnya tentang daun S.alba yang sudah mengalami pengeringan mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan tergolong sangat kuat, selama ini belum ada laporan penelitian tentang antioksidan dalam daun muda yang belum dikeringkan (segar) dari lokasi Desa Wori ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menggali potensi antioksidan daun muda mangrove S.alba segar yang dikoleksi di Pesisir Desa Wori Sulawesi Utara. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini bersifat eksploratif, data dianalisis secara deskriptif, perlakuan yang digunakan adalah lama waktu ekstraksi 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 dan 30 menit dengan air mendidih, parameter uji yang digunakan adalah aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil) serta parameter pendukung yaitu rendemen, fitokimia secara kualitatif dan kandungan total fenol menggunakan metode Folin-Ciocalteau. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah sebagai berikut: rendemen tertinggi terdapat pada lama ekstraksi 30 menit yaitu 30,97%, komponen fitokimia yang terdeteksi pada semua lama waktu ekstraksi adalah alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin dan fenolik, kandungan total fenol tertinggi terdapat pada lama waktu ekstraksi 15 menit yaitu sebesar 0,7388 ± 0,044 mg GAE/g, aktivitas antioksidan terkuat straksi 15 menit dengan nilai IC50DPPH= 21,05±2,95 µg/ml. secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlakuan yang terbaik adalah lama ekstraksi waktu dalam air mendidih selama 15 menit karena mempunyai kandungan total fenol tertinggi dan nilai IC50 DPPH terkecil. Kata kunci: daun muda S.alba, ekstrak air mendidih, aktivitas antioksidan ma waktu ekstraksi adalah alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin dan fenolik, kandungan total fenol tertinggi terdapat pada lama waktu ekstraksi 15 menit yaitu sebesar 0,7388 ± 0,044 mg GAE/g, aktivitas antioksidan terkuat straksi 15 menit dengan nilai IC50DPPH= 21,05±2,95 µg/ml. Secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlakuan yang terbaik adalah lama ekstraksiwaktu dalam air mendidih selama 15 menit karena mempunyai kandungan total fenol tertinggi dan nilai IC50DPPH terkecil. Kata kunci : daun muda S.alba, ekstrak air mendidih, aktivitas antioksidan

This study investigates the secondary metabolites and antibacterial activity of boiling water extract from Sonneratia alba leaves using in vitro and in silico approaches. The use of boiling water as an extraction solvent ensures safety for consumer applications in functional foods. Six extraction times (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 min) were evaluated. The 30-minute extraction yielded the highest flavonoid (20.22 ± 1.41 mg quercetin equivalent/g) and tannin (2.63 ± 0.34 mg tannic acid equivalent/g) contents. This extract exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with the highest activity against S. mutans (inhibition zone: 18.17 ± 0.29 mm), comparable to ciprofloxacin (21.17 ± 0.29 mm). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified 65 compounds. Molecular docking analysis revealed three compounds with favorable binding to Glucan-Binding Protein C (GbpC) of S. mutans: 2-acetonyl-9-[3-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl]hypoxanthine, paromomycin, and melezitose. Melezitose showed optimal binding conformation with key active site residues (Glu A:360 and Asn A:349). These findings demonstrate the potential of S. alba leaf extract as a natural antibacterial agent for functional food development, though further in vivo validation is required.

Introduction: Extraction of antioxidants from mangrove fruit powder Sonneratia alba using boiling water as a solvent is very beneficial, because in addition to using a solvent that is safe for consumers, the results of this study can also be developed in the future as antioxidant functional foods. Aims and Methods: The purpose of this study was to study the antioxidant activity of boiling water extract of mangrove fruit S. albakindly in-vitro nor in-silico pharmacoinformatics. Results: The best results in this first stage were found in the treatment of mangrove fruit S. alba Sun drying extracted with boiling water for 5 minutes had the best antioxidant activity, namely IC50DPPH = 2.69 ± 0.32 µg/ml which is smaller than the positive control, namely vitamin C, which has IC50DPPH= 5.04 ± 0.16µg/ml. The best treatment in the first stage is continued in the second stage, namely GC-MS analysis to determine the type of compounds in the extract, and then do the analysis in-silico by means of molecular docking. The results of the GC-MS characterization showed 39 compounds that were in the category to be continued in the pharmacoinformatics via molecular docking process, with the docking results showing the bioactive compound Ergosterol; Estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17ß-ol; Ergosta-5,8,22-trien-3-ol, (3ß,22E)- ; 9(11)-Dehydroergosterol tosylate ; Dasycarpidan-1-methanol, acetate (ester) shows a very promising value of binding affinity towards 4 protein targets, namely Cytochrome c peroxidase, Fibroblast collagenase, Human ROS1 Kinase Domain and Hyaluronidase with vitamin C as a control. Conclusion: Based on these findings, boiling water extract of mangrove fruit S. alba this can provide a good potential in the discovery and development of candidate new antioxidant compounds.