Descriptors: Hospital; patient; oral health; oral manifestations; biofilm

Children and adolescents receive varying levels of support and punishment when experiencing situations that classify them as defendants or victims. Age information is crucial for defining these cases. The objective was to apply the second (I_2M) and third (I_3M) molar maturity indices to diagnose the age of 12, and find out the cutoff points capable of generating better predictions among Brazilians. This observational cross-sectional study analyzed panoramic radiographs from the five geographic regions of Brazil. The radiographs were of individuals between 10 and 15 years old, taken between 2013 and 2019. The sample consisted of 125 images of each sex (n = 250), 50 from each geographic region, obtained for the purpose of clinical and/or orthodontic diagnosis and having the mandibular left second and third molars. Data collection followed the I_3M methodology based on the measurements made on the second (I_2M) and third (I_3M) molars, using ImageJ^®. The cutoff points found for the I_2M, I_3M, and I_2M × I_3M were 0.554 (AUC, 88.5%; 95% CI, 84.00–93.00), 0.519 (AUC, 77.8%; 95% CI, 76.14–79.46), and 0.699 (AUC, 88.4%; 95% CI, 84.48–92.32), respectively. The cutoffs by I_2M, I_3M, and I_2M × I_3M are sufficiently accurate for practical application and diagnosis of the age of 12 among individuals aged 10 to 15 in Brazil.

Introduction The incidence of lip, oral cavity and oropharynx cancer in Brazil is one of the highest worldwide. Objective This study aimed to identify predictors for oral cancer in Brazil between 2010 and 2013. Method Through a time series study in which 14,959 primary head and neck cancer diagnoses were evaluated. The variables of interest were gender, age, race, education level, family history of cancer, alcohol consumption, smoking, and previous cancer diagnosis. The outcome variable was divided into “oral cancer” and “cancer of other head and neck regions.” The data were analysed by multiple binary logistic regression; α=5%. Result The protective factor was: approximately 12 years of education (OR = 0.85). The risk factors were: being an ex-consumer (OR=1.19) or consumer (OR=1.11) of alcohol, tobacco use (OR=1.35) and a prior diagnosis of cancer that went untreated (OR=1.21). Conclusion Was concluded that the oral cancer had the following predictors compared to other types of head and neck cancer during the same period: approximately 12 years of education (protective factor) and ex-consumer or consumer of alcohol, smoking and previous diagnosis of cancer that went untreated (risk factors).

O crescimento exponencial de crimes na internet, como a pedofilia, demanda muitas vezes a estimativa da idade a partir das imagens faciais dos indivíduos envolvidos. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a aplicabilidade do método da fotoantropometria para estimativa de idade com fins forenses por meio de uma revisão sistemática. Realizaram-se buscas nas bases PUBMED, SCOPUS, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, LILACS, CAPES e SIGLE, utilizando MeSH e termos livres com base na estratégia PICO (P: população; I: intervenção; C: comparação; e O: desfecho). Incluíram-se estudos que avaliaram imagens de indivíduos por fotoantropometria para estimativa de idade forense. Procedeu-se extração dos dados e avaliação da qualidade metodológica (QUADAS-2). De 2809 artigos identificados, 37 foram selecionados inicialmente por abordar análise facial através de fotoantropometria. Após leitura na íntegra, identificou-se que 9 estudos que utilizaram o método para estimativa de idade. Com amostra proveniente de 9 nacionalidades diferentes, 5 artigos tiveram suas marcações fotoantropométricas realizadas manualmente, enquanto 4 foram automatizadas. Todos os estudos tiveram agrupamentos de idade próprios para determinação das mesmas, não havendo coincidências entre eles. O método da fotoantropometria foi considerado eficaz para estimativa de idade em 5 artigos, enquanto 4 reportam que mais estudos são necessários para minimizar erros. Somente 3 estudos apresentaram baixo risco de viés por utilizarem padrão de referência aplicável e confiável. A fotoantropometria apresenta aplicabilidade limitada na estimativa de idade forense, havendo evidência questionável acerca de seu uso, devido aos riscos de viés presentes nos estudos.