As a sustainable means of public transportation, urban rail transit system undergoes rapid expansion in China. How to provide a safe and reliable service has been the subject of growing attention in this context. However, such work is challenging because rail transit systems are quite vulnerable and influenced by a set of interacting factors. Studying these vulnerability factors will contribute significantly to the operation of rail transit system. From this perspective, this paper made an exploration of the vulnerability factors based on an integrated method consisting of AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) and ISM (Interpretative Structural Modeling). Based on literature review, 21 vulnerability factors were identified. Subsequently, expert elicitation was employed to ascertain the importance of each factor and the interrelations among them. The results suggest that management and individual factors have the highest importance weights and the interrelations among vulnerability factors could be expressed as a five-layer structure, in which management factors were inclined to be at the lower level. The research provides valuable information for decision makers to take proactive strategies and reinforcement policies to guarantee safety operation of urban rail transit system and ensure urban public safety, which could promote the sustainable development of cities.

Human–Robot Collaboration (HRC) in construction projects promises enhanced productivity, safety, and quality, yet realizing these benefits requires understanding the multifaceted human and robotic factors that influence team performance. This study develops and validates a multidimensional framework that links key human abilities (operational skill, decision-making ability, and learning ability) and robot capacities (functionality and operability) to HRC team performance, with task complexity considered as contextual influence. A field survey of construction practitioners (n = 548) was analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test direct effects and human–robot synergies. Results reveal that all five main effects are positive and significant, indicating that both human abilities and robot capacities have significant contribution. Moreover, every hypothesized two-way interaction is supported, evidencing strong interaction effects. Three-way moderation analyses further reveal that task complexity significantly strengthened the interactions of human abilities with robot functionality, whereas its interactions with robot operability were not significant. The study contributes an integrated and theory-driven model of HRC team performance that accounts for human abilities and robot capacities under varying task complexity, and validated constructs that can be used to diagnose and predict performance. The findings offer actionable guidance for project managers by recommending that they prioritize user-friendly robot operability to translate worker expertise into performance across a wide range of tasks, invest in training to strengthen operators’ skills and decision-making, and, for complex tasks, pair highly skilled workers with high-functionality robots to maximize performance gains.

Urban underground space construction frequently encounters issues of inadequate prevention and ineffective resistance to various disturbances, resulting in safety accidents that are difficult to recover from. Resilience pertains to a system’s capacity to absorb, resist, recover, and adapt when faced with disruptions. Enhancing the construction safety resilience of underground spaces can effectively tackle the issue of frequent accidents and the challenge of pre-controlling risks at construction sites. Utilizing systems engineering theory, this paper investigates the factors that affect the construction safety resilience of underground spaces and establishes a general framework for evaluating the safety performance of the construction process. Utilizing a large-scale underground construction project as a case study, the Bayesian network inference technique is applied to ascertain the project’s safety resilience value. Through reverse reasoning, the method identifies the most likely sequence of causes leading to construction safety incidents, and subsequently, the resilience assessment framework’s efficacy is tested. The research findings suggest that the core of construction safety management is the prevention of unsafe human behaviors and that the key to enhancing resilience lies in the optimization of response capabilities. The proposed “PFR-EFR-LFR” whole-process resilience analysis method can be applied to safety assessments for various types of underground space construction projects.

Despite the growing use of collaborative robots in high-rise construction, ensuring safe human–robot collaboration (HRC) in hazardous environments remains a critical challenge. Addressing the gap that previous studies optimized human, robot, or task factors in isolation without a systemic coordination perspective, this study develops and empirically validates a Human–Task–Robot Alignment (HTRA) framework to explain how alignment mechanisms enhance safety performance in the construction of HRC. Data from 84 high-rise HRC projects were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results reveal that HTRA serves as a pivotal mechanism for safety improvement, where Human–Robot Alignment (HRA) and Task–Human Alignment (THA) exert stronger effects on bilateral safety perception than Task–Robot Alignment (TRA), underscoring the centrality of human factors at the current stage of HRC development. Moreover, this study identifies a sequential cognitive–behavioral path from safety perception to safety intention and safety behavior performance, explaining how alignment enhances safety performance. Standardized HRC guidelines further strengthen HRA, facilitating safer and more efficient collaboration. This study extends Task–Technology Fit theory to a triadic human–task–robot context and advances the concept of bilateral safety, providing theoretical and managerial guidance for developing next-generation safe collaboration systems in construction.

Addressing the challenges of insufficient incentives, weak constraints, and superficial adoption in promoting human–robot collaboration (HRC) in the construction industry, this study develops a tripartite evolutionary game model among government, contractors, and on-site teams under bounded rationality. Lyapunov stability analysis and numerical simulation are employed to conduct parameter sensitivity analyses. The results show that a strategy profile characterized by flexible regulation, deep adoption, and high-effort collaboration constitutes a stable evolutionary outcome. Moderately increasing government incentives helps accelerate convergence but exhibits diminishing returns under fiscal constraints, indicating that subsidies alone cannot sustain genuine engagement. Reducing penalties for contractors and on-site teams, respectively, induces superficial adoption and low effort, whereas strengthening penalties for bilateral violations simultaneously compresses the space for opportunistic behavior. When the payoff advantage of deep adoption narrows or the payoff from perfunctory adoption rises, convergence toward the preferred steady state slows markedly. Based on the discussion and simulation evidence, we recommend dynamically matching incentives, sanctions, and performance feedback: prioritizing flexible regulation to reduce institutional frictions, configuring differentiated sanctions to maintain a positive payoff differential, reinforcing observable performance to stabilize frontline effort, and adjusting policy weights by project stage and actor characteristics. The study delineates how parameter changes propagate through behavioral choices to shape collaborative performance, providing actionable guidance for policy design and project governance in advancing HRC.

This work was motivated by the premise that new competitive advantages in the international economy are increasingly enabled by the collaborative industrial system rather than working alone. Construction firms are transforming from contractors to integration service providers. However, existing studies on collaborative processes ignore the value attributes of the firm. This study aims to explore a comprehensive framework by complementing the value attribute perspective and empirically reveals the impact of six necessary collaboration factors on competitive advantage. Data of 192 respondents from seven leading Chinese construction Groups based in China are collected. The results show that the two macro elements (i.e., Value Reconfiguration and Strategy Congruence) act together on the remaining four endogenous variables of Resource Sharing, Information Sharing, Organizational Integration and External Integration. The realization of enterprise collaboration has a significant positive impact on the improvement of its competitive advantage, and 13 critical paths are identified in this paper. This paper provides a new perspective on the theoretical system of collaboration and practical guidance for enterprise to provide a higher-quality package of services.