This systematic review aimed to examine recent advances (2021–2025) in the conversion of agricultural biomass into biomaterials, biofertilizers, and bioproducts. Studies were included when addressing biomass types, pretreatment methods, conversion technologies, or resulting applications. Non-agricultural biomass, non-original research, and works outside the defined timeframe were excluded. Literature was identified in Scopus and Web of Science, complemented by Espacenet, Google Scholar, and institutional databases (USDA, FAO, IRRI, ABARES, UNICA, and CONAB, among others), totaling 108 documents referenced in this work. Risk of bias was minimized through predefined eligibility criteria and full-text assessment. Results were narratively synthesized, supported by figures and tables highlighting technological trends. Studies involving a wide range of agricultural biomasses (e.g., rice straw, corn stover, wheat straw, and sugarcane bagasse) were evaluated. Main outcomes included the development of bioplastics, biofoams, composites, hydrogels, bioceramics, biochar-based fertilizers, organic acids, enzymes, and green solvents. Evidence consistently indicated that pretreatment strongly influences conversion efficiency and that enzymatic and thermochemical routes show the highest potential for integrated biorefineries. Limitations included heterogeneity in biomass composition, variability in methodological quality, and scarcity of large-scale studies. Overall, findings underscore agricultural biomass as a strategic feedstock for circular bioeconomy models, with implications for sustainable materials, renewable energy, and low-carbon agriculture. Continued innovation, supportive policies, and improved logistics are essential for scaling biomass-based technologies.

The rose (Rosa spp.) crop, of great economic and ornamental importance, is frequently affected by foliar diseases that reduce aesthetic quality and compromise production. Among these, necrotic leaf spots have become prominent, making it necessary to characterize the associated agents to support management strategies. Symptomatic leaves were collected in São Vicente do Sul, RS, Brazil, and incubated in a moist chamber for ten days to isolate the pathogen. Ten isolates were obtained and evaluated for pathogenicity on healthy seedlings. Three isolates (P1, P2, and P3) were selected for morphophysiological characterization, including mycelial growth on PDA medium and PDA supplemented with rose leaves, with colony diameter measurements using a millimeter ruler, and the evaluation of 30 conidia per isolate under a microscope. For molecular identification, one isolate was randomly selected and subjected to amplification of the ITS, TEF1-α, and β-tubulin regions, used for consensus phylogenetic tree construction. All isolates proved pathogenic, reproducing symptoms in inoculated seedlings. Isolates P1, P2, and P3 showed more vigorous mycelial growth on supplemented medium from the second day onward, with massively higher sporulation (up to 2.19 × 10⁶ conidia/ml), compared with pure PDA (max. 6.8 × 10⁵ conidia/ml). Conidia produced were also larger in the supplemented medium. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the pathogen as Neopestalotiopsis rosae, with 92% bootstrap support. This is the first report of N. rosae as the causal agent of leaf spot on roses in Brazil.

A integração entre plantas de cobertura e bioinsumos microbianos tem sido investigada como estratégia para aprimorar o manejo do solo e favorecer o desempenho das culturas agrícolas. Esta revisão narrativa teve como objetivo analisar as interações entre essas práticas, seus efeitos sobre os processos do sistema solo-planta e seu potencial para contribuir com a produtividade das culturas de verão. Foram reunidos e discutidos estudos científicos relacionados à produção e decomposição de biomassa, à ciclagem de nutrientes, aos atributos físicos, químicos e biológicos do solo, aos mecanismos de ação de microrganismos benéficos e às respostas agronômicas das culturas em sucessão. As evidências indicam que as plantas de cobertura podem melhorar condições do solo e influenciar o desenvolvimento das culturas comerciais, enquanto os bioinsumos apresentam potencial para promover o crescimento vegetal, favorecer a nutrição e contribuir para o manejo fitossanitário. A inoculação de plantas de cobertura também pode modificar a produção de biomassa e as comunidades microbianas da rizosfera, com respostas dependentes das espécies vegetais, dos microrganismos e das condições de manejo. Entretanto, os estudos disponíveis ainda não demonstram de forma consistente incrementos na produtividade das culturas de verão decorrentes especificamente da integração dessas estratégias. A associação entre plantas de cobertura e bioinsumos apresenta potencial agronômico, mas sua efetividade depende de validação em condições de campo, com avaliações que permitam distinguir os efeitos individuais e combinados das práticas.