Prefabricated building projects (PBPs) face more risks than traditional construction projects, especially in underdeveloped areas. This study takes Qinghai Province as a study case. Social network analysis (SNA) is adopted to develop a risk network of PBPs, and nine core risk factors and five key risk relationships are identified. Risk effect detection reveals the effectiveness of risk response strategies. The research shows that PBPs in underdeveloped areas are still in the early stage of development, and developers generally lack a leading role. There are prominent problems in the design stage of PBPs, so the stakeholders pay special attention to them. In underdeveloped regions, the development of PBPs must rely on the strong promotion of the government. Limited by natural and economic conditions, the market mechanism of PBPs in underdeveloped areas is not perfect, and policy regulation greatly affects the spread of the risk network. Therefore, local governments need to actively introduce corresponding supportive policies and mobilize the enthusiasm of stakeholders. This is the first study to consider the risk within the life cycle of PBPs in underdeveloped plateau areas. This study expands the research system of risk management of PBPs and provides valuable risk response strategies for the stakeholders.

Prefabricated buildings (PBs) are vigorously promoted for their many advantages. However, obvious regional differences exist in the development of PBs in China, and underdeveloped areas significantly lag behind other areas. Regional “tactics” have a more direct effect on the development of PBs than national “strategies”. A targeted analysis of PB policies in underdeveloped areas in China is lacking in current research. Therefore, the aim of this study was to construct a comprehensive policy framework to help underdeveloped areas improve PB policies to develop PBs. In this study, we constructed a three-dimensional policy framework based on the content analysis method and policy instrument theory. Through a comparative analysis of 137 PB policies in three representative regions, 547 policy content codes were obtained, and reliability and validity tests were completed. The results indicate that (1) underdeveloped areas should focus on improving the number of policies rather than the accuracy in the early stages of development of PBs; (2) underdeveloped areas should focus on mandatory policy instruments (MPIs) supplemented by incentive policy instruments (IPIs) and social policy instruments (SPIs) rather than a balanced use of various policy instruments; and (3) underdeveloped areas should adjust the policy layout of the whole life cycle, and stakeholders should pay attention to the construction willingness of developers and the demands of consumers and seek policy support in the operation and maintenance stages, as well as during the demolition and recovery stages. In this study, we systematically analyzed the focus of PB policies for different stages and stakeholders and proposed an application strategy of policy instruments, contributing to the improvement of the PB policy system and the narrowing of regional development gaps with respect to PBs.

Urban utility tunnels (UUTs) have become an important infrastructure for sustainable urban development. However, numerous uncertainties brought by the complex stakeholder groups seriously hinder sustainable operation and maintenance (O&M) of UUT projects, which make it necessary to plan the development of UUT projects in advance. Previous studies mostly identified and analyzed the influencing factors from the partial life cycle perspective and neglected the limitations of exploring the complex whole life cycle factors from one single perspective. This paper comprehensively considered the perspectives of stakeholder roles and the whole UUT project life cycle and proposed a factor identification and analysis framework. In the factor identification section: (a) literature surveys were conducted to identify all influencing factors of stakeholders at each stage; and (b) 21 types of factors were identified through semi-structured interviews. In the factor analysis section: (a) the hierarchical structure of the factors was analyzed by introducing the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) approach and Interpretative Structural Model (ISM); (b) the various factors were divided into linkage, dependent, autonomous, and driving factors to clarify their influence degrees; and (c) the core influencing factor was determined based on the above analysis results and the two perspectives. The results indicated that (1) the pricing and charging mechanism is the decisive factor affecting the sustainable O&M of UUTs, the government should focus on establishing a standardized and transparent pricing and charging mechanism; (2) policy support to encourage social capital and user participation should be actively explored; and (3) UUT development must rely on the strong promotion of the government, and the needs of all stakeholders throughout the life cycle should be paid attention to. This study can provide useful insights for guaranteeing the sustainable O&M of UUTs in China and similar regions.

Compared with traditional buildings, prefabricated buildings have significant advantages in protecting the environment, saving resources, and saving labor, and are regarded as the key to the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry. However, the development of prefabricated buildings in Qinghai Province is relatively backward, and there are many risk factors that hinder development. This research takes Qinghai Province as the research object and constructs a risk list containing 25 factors. Then, based on the principle of reducing the dimensionality of factor analysis, SPSS software is used for data processing and comprehensive analysis and evaluation of related indicators. Finally, it is concluded that the key risk factors of prefabricated buildings in Qinghai Province are divided into five categories: market risk, management risk, economic risk, policy risk and technical risk. The research results can provide suggestions for the Qinghai Provincial Government to formulate more effective prefabricated construction industry development policies.

The problem of ozone layer destruction (ODP) is becoming more and more serious, which caused great damage to humans and the environment. And in life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) methods, the ozone layer loss environmental problem is considered. Therefore, This paper attempts to clarify the specific economic valuation application of ozone layer destruction in LCIA. We studies the economic valuation of ozone layer destruction in the three methods of Ecotax, Ecovalue08 and BEPAS weight system. Through research and analysis, we propose a new monetary valuation result, which adapts to the LCIA method of China. The research results are: The economic value of ozone layer destruction is $2.15 in the inert construction waste life cycle environmental impact assessment system.