The concept of a single anesthetic event (SAE) for lung cancer diagnosis and treatment has recently developed with the aim to streamline care and reduce delays in treatment. SAE integrates advanced diagnostic bronchoscopy, histopathologic diagnosis, and immediate surgical resection in one single anesthetic procedure. This review explores the historical surgical treatment of lung cancer, development of SAE, and the theoretical framework and practical implementation of SAE. While offering potential advantages such as shorter treatment times and reduced hospital stays, SAE encounters logistical difficulties and limitations in use. Despite these challenges, SAE demonstrates feasibility and suggests a pathway towards improved cancer management.

Facial nerve injuries pose challenges in cosmetic surgery. We comprehensively reviewed the anatomy of the facial nerve, with a focus on its five major branches—temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, and cervical— and explored the clinical implications of nerve injuries during cosmetic procedures. Surgical damage to any branch of the facial nerve can lead to functional impairments, including facial asymmetry, impaired eye closure, speech difficulties, and reduced oral competence. Furthermore, aesthetic consequences, including facial drooping and altered appearance, can profoundly affect patients' psychological well-being. This review provides a detailed discussion of strategies for preventing nerve injury, including surgical techniques and landmark identification that underscores the importance of meticulous preoperative planning and intraoperative execution. This review highlights the importance of comprehensive anatomical knowledge in optimizing patient safety and satisfaction in facial cosmetic surgery.

Introduction: The incidence of short‐term (90‐day) hospital readmission and morbidity following liver transplantation (LT) for metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is poorly characterized, and no study to date has distinguished these short‐term outcomes between MASLD and non‐MASLD LT recipients. The primary objective of this study was to leverage the National Readmissions Database (NRD) to distinguish 90‐day readmission rates and morbidity among those undergoing LT for MASLD and non‐MASLD etiologies. Methods: Recipients undergoing LT were identified in the NRD between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2022. Morbidity was defined as an aggregate of common surgical complications. Univariate and age‐sex adjusted quasi‐Poisson regressions were used to identify trends and differences in characteristics for patients stratified by indication for LT. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with 90‐day readmissions and morbidity. Results: A weighted total of 58 148 LT procedures were identified, of which 11 235 (19.3%) had MASLD etiology. LT for MASLD increased over the study period, while LT for hepatitis C and liver cancer decreased. Relative to non‐MASLD LT recipients, MASLD LT recipients had increased comorbid risk profiles, including higher rates of class 3 obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 40) and associated liver cancer. MASLD LT recipients had lower rates of 90‐day readmission, morbidity, and cardiovascular complications (all p < 0.05). Among patients with class 3 obesity and liver cancer, MASLD etiology was associated with improved or non‐inferior 90‐day outcomes relative to non‐MASLD LT recipients. Finally, among MASLD LT recipients, the presence of chronic kidney disease, prior bariatric surgery, dialysis, female sex, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were independent predictors of 90‐day morbidity and readmission. Conclusions: Despite an increased comorbid risk profile, MASLD LT recipients had superior 90‐day readmission rates and morbidity outcomes relative to non‐MASLD LT recipients. MASLD etiology appears to normalize 90‐day outcomes among patients with obesity and liver cancer.

Background: Colovesical fistulas are abnormal communications between the colon and urinary bladder, most commonly caused by diverticular disease. Although colovesical fistulas are rare, they should be suspected in patients presenting with recurrent urinary tract infections, pneumaturia, or fecaluria. We integrated two case reports with a retrospective national cohort analysis to assess the surgical treatment of colovesical fistulas. Methods: We report two cases of colovesical fistulas, both secondary to sigmoid diverticulitis, treated surgically via minimally invasive approaches. A retrospective analysis using the National Inpatient Sample database from 2016 to 2022 was conducted to compare outcomes of open surgery with those of minimally invasive surgery. Propensity score matching and multivariable regression analyses were used to evaluate clinical outcomes. Results: The first patient underwent hand-assisted laparoscopic sigmoidectomy with fistula takedown and has remained asymptomatic at 8 months, while the second patient underwent robotic-assisted sigmoidectomy with staged ileostomy reversal and has remained asymptomatic at 1 month. National data analysis showed no significant difference in mortality (<1% versus <1%, p = 0.931), wound complications (1.4% versus 1.0%; p = 0.554), or postoperative sepsis or shock (7.1% versus 5.6%; p = 0.114) between open and minimally invasive surgical approaches. However, the minimally invasive surgery group had significantly shorter length of stay than the open surgery group (6.9 versus 7.3 days, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Minimally invasive repair of colovesical fistulas was associated with shorter hospital stays than open surgery, with no significant differences in major complications. Early identification and timely surgical management are critical for achieving favorable outcomes.

Background: Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for class III obesity, and higher hospital volume is associated with improved outcomes. We examined readmission, morbidity, and length of stay (LOS) by bariatric center volume in the Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD). Methods: The NRD from 2016 to 2022 was used to identify VSG and RYGB procedures with each hospital stratified by very low (1–24), low (25–49), medium (50–124), and high (≥ 125) annual case volume. Univariate tests assessed differences for each volume stratum. 90-day readmission and morbidity were modeled using multivariable logistic regression; LOS was analyzed with a random intercepts model for unique hospitals. Results: Overall, 4.6%, 6.9%, 31.1%, and 57.6% of patients underwent surgery at very low, low, medium, and high volume centers. Patients at lower volume centers had lower socioeconomic status and higher risk profiles. Readmission and morbidity rates were 15.4%, 6.9%, 4.1%, and 3.2% and 26.0%, 13.2%, 11.9%, and 10.9%, respectively for each volume designation. Very low volume centers showed the highest risk, with low and medium volumes also significantly associated with increased readmission and morbidity. For LOS, low volume had the highest estimated increase of all predictors with medium volume centers also predicting increased LOS. Individual hospitals represented a significant source of variation for total LOS. Conclusions: Although patients who had surgery at lower volume centers had higher risk profiles, after adjustment there is evidence that lower volume centers are more often associated with increased adverse events. Healthcare teams, accreditation centers, and insurance providers should strive to design and follow patterns of care associated with lower risk.