Introduction: This study evaluated fetal pancreas size and echogenicity, and splenic artery (SA) waveforms in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: This prospective case-control study was performed from October 2022 to November 2023 and included 124 pregnant women (62 with GDM and 62 controls). Pancreatic circumference, pancreatic echogenicity, umbilical artery Doppler measurements (systolic/diastolic ratio [S/D] and pulsatility index [PI]), SA Doppler measurements (S/D, PI, peak systolic velocity [PSV], time-averaged maximum velocity, and pressure gradient [PG] mean and maximum) values were compared between the GDM and control groups. Results: The mean pancreatic circumference was higher and grade 2/3 echogenicity was more common in the GDM group, while grade 1 echogenicity was more common in the control group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). SA S/D and PI measurements were significantly higher in the GDM group than in the control group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). Moreover, PGmax was significantly higher in the GDM group than in the control group (p = 0.038). Pancreatic circumference was positively correlated with SA PSV (p = 0.004). Additionally, pancreatic circumference was positively correlated with PGmean and PGmax (p = 0.010 and p = 0.016, respectively). The increase in pancreas echogenicity was positively correlated with SA S/D and PI measurements (p = 0.007 and p = 0.002, respectively). PGmax was also positively correlated with increased pancreas echogenicity (p = 0.023). Conclusion: This study showed that fetal pancreas size and echogenicity were significantly higher in pregnant women with GDM than in controls. SA Doppler waveforms were consistent with an increase in vascular resistance associated with elevations of both S/D and PI in the GDM group.

Objectives: To evaluate fetal brain midline structures, cortical structures, and brain volume using sonography in cases of fetal growth restriction (FGR) and to compare these findings with those of fetuses demonstrating normal growth. Methods: This prospective case-control study included 80 FGR cases and 80 fetuses with normal growth curves between 24 and 37 weeks of gestation. Multiplanar neurosonography was performed in all cases according to the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG) guidelines. The corpus callosum (CC; length, thickness, and fastigium distance), cavum septi pellucidi (CSP), sylvian fissure (SF), parieto-occipital fissure (POF), calcarine fissure (CF), insula, olfactory sulcus (OS), and brain volume were evaluated. Measurements were made using the ultrasound device’s electronic calipers, and brain volume was calculated using the Virtual Organ Computer-aided Analysis (VOCAL) application. Results: In the FGR group, CSP width, CC length, and thickness were significantly increased, while CCFL and POF depths were decreased (p < 0.05, for all). Mean brain volumes were similar in the FGR and control groups (349.30 ± 61.77 vs. 368.42 ± 68.51, p = 0.066). In FGR group, middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA PSV) was positively correlated with most brain structures but negatively correlated with CC thickness. There was no relationship between cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) and brain volume or fetal brain structures. Conclusions: Our findings showed that FGR affects the fetal brain through neuroanatomical structures such as the CC, CSP, CCFL, and POF during the prenatal period. In our cohort, fetal brain volume did not differ significantly in FGR. Furthermore, there was no association between CPR and fetal brain structures.

Aim: Our aim is to investigate Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome diagnosed pregnancies that were followed up in Tepecik Education and Research Hospital- Perinatology Unit between 2015-2020, retrospectively. Matherials and Methods: The archieves were scanned retrospectively. Maternal features such as age, gravidy, parity, teratogen exposure, concominant disease existence, karyotyping rejection and decision for the pregnancies future and delivery type was noted. Also fetal features like gestational age at diagnosis, fetal growth, perinatal complications (eg: intrauterin growth retardation, additional anomaly, preterm delivery) and postnatal condition was noted. Results: 9 of the 41 patients met the criteria. One of them had termination of the pregnancy. %37.5 of the rest had preterm delivery. 3 of the 8 patients (%37,5) had intrauterin growth retardation with estimated fetal weight below 10 persentile. There were no gender difference among infants. 75 percent of delivered infants, were operated postnataly. 2 of the infants were died before operation due to prematurity complications. Discussion: Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome is a very rare condition highly detectable in the antenatal period with high morbidity and mortality rates. These fetuses must be followed up in tertiary centers both because of antenatal problems’ management and postnatal management. Keywords: Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, fetal echocardiography

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of lymphovascular space invasion on recurrence and disease-free survival in patients with low-risk endometrial cancer.