Background and Objectives: Low-grade triple-negative breast carcinomas (LG-TNBCs) represent a rare subset of breast cancers that deviate from the aggressive clinical course typically associated with triple-negative tumors. This narrative review aims to consolidate current knowledge on LG-TNBCs, highlighting their diagnostic features, molecular characteristics, and clinical implications to guide appropriate patient management and prevent overtreatment. Materials and Methods: We conducted a comprehensive narrative review using PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases up to September 2025. Search terms included combinations of “triple-negative breast carcinoma”, “low-grade”, “adenoid cystic carcinoma”, “secretory carcinoma”, “acinic cell carcinoma”, “tall cell carcinoma with reversed polarity”, “low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma”, and “fibromatosis-like metaplastic carcinoma.” Studies reporting clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, or molecular data were included. Results: LG-TNBCs include seven distinct entities: adenoid cystic carcinoma, secretory carcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma, tall cell carcinoma with reversed polarity, low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma, fibromatosis-like metaplastic carcinoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. These neoplasms are characterized by distinct morphologic patterns, specific immunohistochemical profiles, and recurrent molecular alterations such as ETV6-NTRK3 fusions and MYB rearrangements. Despite their triple-negative immunoprofile, they demonstrate indolent clinical behavior with excellent prognosis and low metastatic potential, although local recurrence is reported in variants exhibiting infiltrative, locally aggressive behavior. Conclusions: Recognition of LG-TNBCs is essential to prevent overtreatment and guide personalized patient management. Molecular characterization provides diagnostic confirmation and therapeutic opportunities, particularly for NTRK-fusion-positive tumors treatable with targeted inhibitors, highlighting the importance of precision medicine in rare breast tumors.

Despite the devastating consequences of fungal disease, research struggles to catch up to present needs. This study aims to give a broad perspective on the situation, investigating patterns and distribution of fungal pathogens and monitoring trends of resistance to antifungal drugs, over an 8-year timeframe, at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Balș” in Bucharest, Romania. Samples were inoculated on Sabouraud or Brilliance Candida Agar media; strains were identified using MALDI-TOF MS; and antifungal sensitivity testing was performed using E-Tests strips, VITEK2 Compact and MICRONAUT-AM automatic systems. Candida albicans, accounting for 42% of the positive samples, was the most common pathogen observed, with only 17% of the isolates being susceptible to all antifungals tested, while it was also predominant and deadly in the ICU. The emerging Candidozyma auris, found in 8% of the candidoses, exhibited a fluconazole resistance rate of 96.3%. Of the Aspergillus fumigatus strains, 35.7% showed resistance to azoles, and 25% to amphotericin B. In the ICU, more than half of A. flavus-, A. fumigatus- or A. niger-related cases culminated in death. Antifungal resistance is not to be treated lightly, as it is still a complex and dynamic threat, with devastating consequences.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifaceted autoimmune disease with a heterogeneous organ involvement, for which reliable biomarkers are still being studied. The implication of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), resulting from oxidative stress, and their interaction with the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) has been studied in pathologies with chronic proinflammatory status, offering potential relevance in SLE. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the utility of skin autofluorescence (SAF)—a non-invasive proxy for AGE accumulation—as a biomarker for disease severity, activity, and impact in SLE patients. Following PRISMA guidelines, six studies assessing SAF and/or circulating AGEs and soluble RAGE (sRAGE) in SLE were analyzed. Findings consistently showed higher AGE levels in SLE patients compared to healthy controls, with several correlations between SAF/AGEs and disease features such as SLEDAI scores, organ involvement, inflammatory markers, and damage indices. Decreased sRAGE levels were also observed, possibly due to consumption by AGEs. Some studies further reported predictive associations between specific AGEs or their ratios with sRAGE and particular clinical phenotypes. Although heterogeneity among studies limits definitive conclusions, the AGEs–sRAGE axis—and especially SAF—emerges as a promising candidate for future biomarker development in SLE. Further large-scale longitudinal studies are needed to confirm its clinical utility.

In an increasingly interconnected world, the knowledge economy-encompassing technology, education and research-faces complex challenges posed by the evolving geopolitical dynamics. This paper examines how multinational companies strategically respond to these shifts. Through a compre­hensive analysis of regulatory changes, political instability, trade policies and decarbonization concerns, this paper highlights the composite nature of geopolitical risks and their influence on corporate strate­gy. Methodologically, the research employs a scorecard and a heatmap to provide a systematic, organ­ization‑level framework for comparing firms’ strategic responses. The scorecard evaluates regulatory compliance, supply chain resilience, risk management, strategic partnerships, innovation and carbon reduction targets across Apple, SAP and Tesla, with scores ranging from 2.00 to 4.00. Apple achieves the highest overall score (3.33/4), followed by Tesla (3.00/4) and SAP (2.83/4), indicating differences in inno­vation, policy alignment and supply chain resilience. The heatmap compares TotalEnergies, Danfoss and General Electric across eight decarbonization indicators, showing Danfoss as the sustainability leader. General Electric exhibits strong renewable‑energy capabilities, but remains constrained by legacy infra­structure. By applying this comparative framework, the study identifies improvement areas and offers strategic recommendations to help multinational companies strengthen geopolitical risk management and maintain competitive advantage in a rapidly changing global environment.

Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease with interstitial lung disease (ILD) representing the leading cause of mortality. Diaphragmatic muscle impairment, which may contribute to respiratory dysfunction, is underexplored in SSc. Objective: This study aimed to assess diaphragmatic thickness using HRCT in patients with SSc-ILD and to investigate whether this parameter correlates with disease severity and clinical outcomes. Methods: We conducted a multicentric retrospective observational study that included 161 participants: 69 with SSc-ILD and 92 matched controls without pulmonary disease. Preliminary findings from this cohort were previously communicated as a conference abstract at EULAR 2024. Diaphragmatic thickness was measured on axial and coronal CT images at the celiac axis level by two independent radiologists. Clinical and functional parameters were collected, including forced vital capacity (FVC), diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), echocardiographic findings, and 6 min walking test performance. Results: The left hemidiaphragm was significantly thinner in patients with SSc-ILD compared with controls (2.98 ± 1.04 mm vs. 3.44 ± 0.97 mm; p = 0.004), while the right hemidiaphragm showed a non-significant trend toward reduction (3.21 ± 1.09 mm vs. 3.52 ± 1.05 mm; p = 0.072). Thinning of the right hemidiaphragm correlated significantly with lower FVC (p < 0.05). ROC analysis identified an optimal left diaphragm cut-off of ≤3.115 mm (AUC = 0.635, 95% CI: 0.556–0.709, sensitivity = 66.7%, specificity = 60.9%). No associations were found with the autoantibody profile, disease duration, or treatment. Interobserver reliability was excellent (Bland–Altman mean difference −0.002 mm, p = 0.95). Conclusions: HRCT-measured left hemidiaphragm thickness is significantly reduced in patients with SSc-ILD compared with controls, and right hemidiaphragm thickness correlates with impaired lung function. Although its discriminative performance is modest (AUC 0.635), this parameter may serve as a supplementary zero-burden addition to routine HRCT evaluation alongside pulmonary function tests. The retrospective cross-sectional design precludes conclusions about causality or prognosis; prospective studies incorporating concurrent functional diaphragm assessment are warranted.