This study aims to integrate Free Learning and Physics Innovation in STEAM-based Renewable Energy Education to improve critical thinking skills in Era Society 5.0 in order to achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). This research uses a literature review method that collects and analyzes related articles. The results showed that integrating Free Learning and Physics Innovation in STEAM-based Renewable Energy Education is an effective approach to improving students’ critical thinking skills. Renewable energy education is a relevant and important topic in SDG 2030, and the STEAM approach helps students understand and overcome this challenge. Era Society 5.0 emphasizes technology integration, so the educational approach must constantly be updated and adapted to the times. The results of this literature review can assist educators, policymakers, and researchers in developing educational strategies that align with the times’ needs.

Objective: This research aims to explore improving critical thinking skills by applying Project Based Learning (PjBL) based on the STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) model in Renewable Energy material at 1st Trowulan State Vocational School. The main aim of this research is to assess the effectiveness of STEAM-based PjBL in improving students' critical thinking skills at 1st Trowulan State Vocational School Trowulan. Method: The research method used was an experiment with a One Group Pre-test and Post-test design. The research subjects comprised 25 students of Class X Computer and Network Engineering 1 (X-1) and 26 students of Class X Computer and Network Engineering 1 (X-2). During the research, students were given PjBL-based learning with a STEAM approach to Renewable Energy material. Before and after learning, students are tested using a pre-test and post-test to measure the increase in their critical thinking skills. Results: The analysis shows that implementing PjBL-based learning based on STEAM is efficacious in improving students' critical thinking abilities. A comparison of pre-test and post-test scores on Renewable Energy material shows a significant increase in students' critical thinking abilities. Novelty: The novelty of this research lies in its new contribution to the field of education. The combination of the PjBL and STEAM approaches in learning Renewable Energy makes a new contribution to preparing students to face real-world challenges that continue to develop. Critical thinking ability is an essential skill in facing the challenges of the 21st century, and this research shows that this approach is practical in developing it. Integrating critical thinking skills into STEAM-based learning provides essential added value in education.

Objective: This study aims to determine the achievement of scientific literacy skills of junior high school students in the competency aspect. The competency aspects measured in this study are the competence to explain scientific phenomena, interpret data and scientific evidence, and evaluate and design. Methods: The research was conducted using the test method. The data was collected using a competency aspect scientific literacy test using a multiple choice test of 20 items on the scientific literacy test. The sampling technique used stratified random sampling, amounting to 67 students. Data analysis techniques using quantitative descriptive. Results: Based on the research conducted by the results of data analysis, it was found that the scientific literacy aspect of students' competence was included in the low category, with an overall average of 55.15%. The aspects of scientific literacy competency measured in this study are explaining scientific phenomena, interpreting data and scientific evidence, and evaluating and designing. The results of each scientific literacy competency indicator are as follows: (1) students' ability to explain scientific phenomena, the average percentage only reaches the deficient category; (2) students' ability to interpret data and scientific evidence in the deficient category and (3) students' ability to evaluate and design in the deficient category. Novelty: This study reveals an urgent need to develop appropriate innovations, methods, and designs to improve students' science literacy, especially the learning models used. These findings encourage teachers to improve learning continuously.

Objective: This study aims to determine the improvement of students' critical thinking skills on solar system material in the project-based learning (PjBL) learning model with a differentiated approach. According to PISA, the results of observations in class VII State JHS 13 Madiun and interviews with several science teachers, Indonesian students' science skills are in a low category. Therefore, an appropriate learning model is needed to facilitate students to improve their critical thinking skills. Methode: This research is classified as a type of quantitative research. The subjects in this study were 30 students of class VII A at State JHS 13 Madiun city and science teachers at JHS 13 Madiun city. Results: The analysis showed that this study's increase in pretest and posttest scores was high, with an N-gain value of 0.72. This study also shows that PjBL learning intensely impacts the critical thinking skills of junior high school students in solar system material with a d-effect size value of 0.79. Novelty: The novelty of this research is to collaborate the PjBL learning model with a differentiated approach. In this study, the syntax of PjBL learning collaborates with a differentiation approach that can facilitate all student characteristics. Project creation in this learning is done based on students' learning style characteristics.

One of the efforts to deal with environmental pollution by exploring natural potentials and traditions in the local community is ethno-conservation education. This study aims to develop a flipbook of environmental pollution handling based on Surabaya's local wisdom to train students in Ethno-conservation. The type of research is Research and Development with the ADDIE model of Branch theory. Theoretical feasibility is reviewed from the results of expert validation, while empirical feasibility is examined from the readability test. The data obtained were analyzed by descriptive qualitative. The results obtained are a validation score of 3.88, a percentage of 97% and the category is excellent, and the legibility test is at level 10. Hence, the Flipbook has the potential to be used in learning the handling of environmental pollution based on Surabaya local wisdom to train students in ethno-conservation.

Objective: This study describes the validity of inquiry-based environmental change textbooks used to train students' scientific literacy skills. The validity of the developed inquiry-based textbooks is viewed from the aspects of content feasibility, presentation feasibility, linguistic feasibility, inquiry suitability, and scientific literacy. Method: This study used the development method with the 4D model (define, design, and develop), which was modified and implemented in the Science Education Postgraduate Program at Surabaya State University. The data collection technique was carried out using the textbook validation method. The assessment instrument used was a textbook validation sheet that two biology lecturers validated as validators. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively and descriptively. Results: The research results are in the form of validation of inquiry-based textbooks, with an average score of 94.88% in the very valid category. Novelty: The novelty of this research is that there are inquiry-based features in textbooks about environmental change that can improve students' scientific literacy skills. Based on the data analysis, the developed inquiry-based textbooks are valid and suitable for learning.