Background: Bicycles constitute a primary means of transportation, particularly within the scope of urban micromobility. However, the use of this mode of transport is associated with the risk of traffic accidents and subsequent maxillofacial trauma. Cyclists are classified as vulnerable road users, among whom the assessment of injury patterns is a significant issue. This study aimed to identify the most common maxillofacial fractures resulting from bicycle-related traffic accidents. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical records of patients treated at the Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery at the University Clinical Hospital in Poznan, who sustained maxillofacial injuries as a result of bicycle-related accidents between 2019 and 2023. Results: A total of 99 patients met the inclusion criteria. Most of the study population was males (70.7%), with a median age of 38. Accidents most frequently occurred during the summer months and on Fridays and weekends. The most common fracture site was the mandible (40.4%), with double fractures being the predominant type. Additionally, zygomatic-orbital fractures were frequently observed (30.3%). In terms of treatment, surgical intervention was predominant, and the mean duration of hospitalisation was 6 days. Only 5.1% of patients were under the influence of alcohol at the time of the incident. Furthermore, it was found that isolated mandibular fractures occurred more frequently in younger patients, whereas midface fractures of the Le Fort II and III types were more commonly observed in individuals under the influence of alcohol at the time of the event. Moreover, accidents involving alcohol consumption were associated with a higher incidence of concomitant cranio-cerebral injuries. Conclusions: Defining the profile of maxillofacial fractures resulting from bicycle accidents constitutes a clinically relevant issue. Additionally, identifying the main risk factors and developing preventive measures is of critical importance.

Background: Interpersonal violence is one of the most common causes of maxillofacial injuries. These injuries can range from minor soft-tissue injuries to serious, life-threatening conditions. This is particularly important when injuries occur in an exposed and vulnerable area of the body, such as the facial area. This study aimed to analyse the types of maxillofacial injuries, assess a profile of a typical victim of violence and determine the circumstances of the injury. Methods: A retrospective review was performed on the clinical data of patients managed for maxillofacial trauma resulting from interpersonal violence at the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinical Hospital, Poznan, spanning the period from 2021 to 2025. Results: The study group included 510 patients, of which 95.41% were males, and the median age in the study group was 34 years. Furthermore, 14.71% of patients were under the influence of alcohol at the time of the violent incident. Most injuries occurred in 2022 (25.88%). Regarding months, June had the highest reported incidents (10.59%), while Saturday was the most injury-prone day (25.10%). The median days of hospitalisation in the study group was five. The mandible was the most frequently affected area. The most common types of fractures were single mandible fractures (30.59%) and double mandible fractures (27.25%). Most injuries were treated surgically (96.67%). In 10.20% of cases, the intervention of other specialists was needed. Conclusions: It is important to effectively prepare medical staff to receive patients with a history of interpersonal violence to diagnose and treat these types of injuries properly.

Introduction: Negative pressure therapy is used to promote healing in many types of wounds at various stages of healing. Little is known about the effect of the value of the applied negative pressure on the efficiency of exudate drainage, particularly with regard to exudates of different densities. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of drainage of exudates of different densities using negative pressures of −80 mmHg and −120 mmHg, without or with the use of an intermediate layer. Material and method: An experimental craniofacial model was developed and formed of tissue-like silicone. Three identical models were used simultaneously for study purposes. Wound imitations were made in the models in a manner facilitating the delivery of fluids of different densities to the wound bottom. After the vacuum dressing was applied, low-density fluid (water, A), medium-density fluid (filtered 30% cream, B) and high-density fluid (unfiltered 30% cream, C) used as a model of purulent secretions, were administered sequentially; in the cases of low-density and high-density fluids, the delivery was repeated with the use of an intermediate layer (D, E). Each time, the fluids were administered in the quantity of 100 mL, and the assessments were made at negative pressure values of −80 mmHg and −120 mmHg by measuring the time between the onset of delivery and complete discharge of secretions. Results: For low- and medium-density fluids without an intermediate layer (A and B), no differences in its drainage time were observed for pressures of −80 mmHg and −120 mmHg. For the high-density fluid (C), drainage times were significantly longer than in the case of low- and medium-density fluids. At −120 mmHg, the drainage time for high-density fluid was statistically significantly shorter than at −80 mmHg. When an intermediate layer was used for low-density fluid (D) no differences were observed between both pressure values as well as in the comparison to the model without an intermediate layer. When an intermediate layer was used for high-density fluid (E), the drainage time was significantly longer than in the model without the intermediate layer (C). In the tests using dense fluid and an intermediate layer, no significant difference in drainage time was observed for both pressure values. Conclusions: The type of secretion, and particularly its density, should be taken into account when selecting the value of vacuum applied in negative pressure therapy; higher pressures should be used for dense secretions. For dense secretions, drainage becomes difficult upon the presence of an intermediate layer, regardless of the pressure applied.