Ical students, who are more aware of the benefits of organ donation than the general public, this reluctance is widespread. Therefore, we conducted this research to determine the basis of this skepticism, so that the root causes can be identified and eradicated. Our research sought to ascertain the overall attitudes of Rawalpindi Medical University, Pakistan's students towards organ donation, the associated factors that influenced this attitude (religious devotion, gender, age, year of study) and the reasons for the hesitance. Methods: A cross-sectional study targeting the students of first to final year MBBS was conducted at Rawalpindi Medical University, Pakistan in the year 2022. The sample size was calculated using OpenEpi software, and came out to be 292. The students enrolled at Rawalpindi Medical University during the year 2021–2022 were made a part of the study. A self-structured questionnaire that was developed after substantial research was used to collect the data using a non-random convenience sample technique. Chi Square test was used to determine significance after data analysis using SPSS-22. Results: A total of 290 students participated in the study, 58 from each year. All of the participants were Muslim. A very strong correlation was found between high devoutness and willingness towards organ donation (p = 7.4252E-13). Only 9/290 (3%) of people in Pakistan have joined The Transplantation Society of Pakistan; the main cause of this low ratio is that very few people were aware that such a group even existed (according to 62% of the responders). The mistrust of doctors and the belief that appropriate efforts would not be done to resuscitate patients who have signed up for organ donation is a significant factor in the anxiety surrounding organ donation. Conclusions: There are several reasons why people are reluctant to donate their organs, including a lack of understanding of religious perspectives on the subject, mistrust of medical professionals and medical administration, and general public ignorance. We can make a significant progress toward closing the gap between the demand for and supply of organ donations if these problems are remedied. The most effective strategy to stop organ trafficking is through organ donation. Through seminars, conversations, and workshops, we need to raise awareness about organ donation....

Clonal Hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) has been increasingly recognised as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent epidemiological and experimental studies have linked CHIP as an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction, stroke, and coronary artery disease, with specific mutations carrying a higher CVD risk. During the aging process, somatic mutations in genes, including DNMT3A and TET2, accumulate in the hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), conferring both epigenetic and metabolic advantages that not only drive hematopoiesis towards a pro-inflammatory myeloid lineage but also reprogram innate immune cells, promoting a persistent inflammatory state. These myeloid derivatives, via increased IL-1β and IL-6 production, establish a pro-atherogenic environment and contribute to plaque instability, leading to an increased thrombotic risk and accelerated vascular aging. Although routine screening is not recommended for asymptomatic adults, targeted detection in high-risk individuals could benefit from preventive strategies. Incorporating CHIP into risk models may enable precision prevention, but prospective trials are needed to determine whether CHIP-guided interventions improve cardiovascular outcomes.

Introduction: Medical students who take intellectually challenging coursework have elevated stress levels, which may have a detrimental effect on both their study performance and general well-being. This study aims to investigate the interpreted stress levels among clinical undergraduates and the therapeutic potential of physical activity in stress reduction and mental well-being by using physical activity as a predictor of mental health. Design and methods: Several medical colleges in Pakistan participated in a cross-sectional study. The Brief Symptom Inventory-18 scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire were employed to gather information from medical undergraduates in order to assess their mental health profile, perceived stress level, and physical activity status. Results: The online survey was completed by 291 students. The mean score for physical activity was 0.247 (0.432). Three mental health profiles were found: 4.46% were extremely distressed ( n = 13), 3.09% were moderately distressed ( n = 9), and 92.4% were relaxed ( n = 269). Similarly, four stress level profiles – low stress (6.87%, n = 20), fairly stressed (40.5%, n = 118), moderately stressed (48.45%, n = 141), and extremely stressed (4.12%, n = 12) – were examined. Undergraduate females had higher levels of stress (mean score = 1.51) than male co-workers (mean score = 0.146). Out of 291 respondents, 24.7% were moderately active ( n = 72) and 75.2% were physically inactive ( n = 219). They all declined to be physically active. Gender and physical activity were found to be positively correlated. Physical activity was negatively associated with stress and mental health. Conclusion: The data indicate that medical undergraduates have a high perceived stress level and involve themselves in scant physical activity routinely. In order to control their stress levels, physical activity must be incorporated into their daily schedule. For the well-being of medical undergraduates, it is also strongly advised that they receive therapy, educational support, and a less workload.

Introduction: Ever since the advent of usage of internet as a medium of teaching in late 1980s, the method of distanced teaching using online methods has been on the rise.We did a comparative study of online vs. Traditional learning in order to assess student’s viewpoint about the different ways of learning and to assess various aspects of online classes when compared with physical classes Materials and Methods: A cross sectional, descriptive study was conducted in may-june 2021 in –removed for blind review---in order to analyse the response of students towards the online mode of learning, and compare it with the traditional learning. The target population were the students of 1st, 2nd and 3 year MBBS at the Rawalpindi Medical University. Self structured questionnaires were disributed among a total of 600 students, 200 students from each year. The data collected was analysed using SPSS v 22 and using chi square test. Results: 87% (522 out of 600) students responded that traditional learning is more effective as compared to online learning. It was shown that there is no association between year of study and mode of learning also no association between gender and mode of learning. Weak internet connection is the biggest hurdle to online learning. Discussion and Conclusions: Majority of the participants, acknowledging the positive aspects of online learning; like making management of assignments easier,promoting creativity, easier access to contents and facilitation of giving feedback, still favoured traditional, face-to-face learning, for it ensures a better study environment, allows adequate clinical practice, and improves interaction with the teacher and the fellow students. The biggest hurdles to online learning were connectivity issues, lack of technical expertise, and the need for stricter self-discipline. In short,with removal of the problems associated with online learning, it can evolve into an efficient mode of learning in the near future. Key words: Educational technology; Higher education, Online learning, traditional learning, interaction Word Count Of Abstract : 299

Ewborn care on the part of the parents. This study targets the level of knowledge of the mothers and the services provided by community health care workers as the main factors determining neonatal care. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the OBS (obstetrics) wards of Hospitals affiliated with Rawalpindi Medical University from January 2022 to June 2022. The sample size was 138. Data was collected by one-on-one interviews, using a standardized USAID Community Health Worker Assessment and Improvement Matrix questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS v28. Chi-square test was applied to check for significance. Results: Out of the total 138 participants, 47.8% (n = 66/138) were between the ages of 21–25. Results showed that women between the ages of 21–25 (P = 0.000058) and women who had their first child between the ages of 23–27 had good knowledge about neonatal care. 45% (n = 62/138) of the participants had poor knowledge of neonatal care, whereas 55% (n = 76/138) had good knowledge (P = 0.000002). As for the role of community health workers, only 20–30% of the participants were being provided with their services; hence their performance was not found to be adequate. Conclusions: The world of medicine is moving rapidly toward a new framework of the health systems in which the real foundation will be based on what actually takes place in the community, therefore, community health workers can play an important role in improving maternal and neonatal care. Family-centered care, appropriate age of first conception and motherhood, and proper guidance to first-time parents can ensure significant improvement in neonatal care in the future. HIGHLIGHTS Neonatal mortality remains a significant challenge to the world, especially to a developing country like Pakistan.The world of global health is moving towards a new framework of health systems in which the real foundation of health system is what takes place in the community.Only 20–30% of the participants were being provided with services of community health workers in their districts.Only 55% of the mothers had good knowledge of neonatal care....