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The proportional power sharing is essential to guarantee reliability on the operation of an islanded microgrid. However, inaccurate reactive power sharing in scenarios with line impedance mismatches, and slow transient response remains important limitations of most of the conventional power sharing controllers. In this work, a novel method for power sharing control based on a decentralized Direct Current Primary Controller (DCPC) and a distributed Consensus-based Quadrature Current Controller (CQCC) is proposed. The main properties of the control approach are shown including accurate proportional active and reactive power sharing under mismatched feeder impedances and frequency regulation characteristics. Faster transient response, power sharing accuracy and minimum communication requirements are the advantages of the proposed method. The controller properties, the impact of constant communication time delays and communication failures on the power sharing performance are evaluated on different experimental study cases. These experimental results show that the accurate power sharing state is achieved in less than 2 s with frequency deviations lower than 40 mHz in all the study cases. Additionally, it is shown that the control approach tolerates constant communication time-delay of more than 200 ms and multiple communication failures that maintains the connectivity properties on the communication graph.
Carlos A. Macana; Eduardo Mojica-Nava; Hemanshu R. Pota; Josep Guerrero; Juan C. Vasquez. Accurate proportional power sharing with minimum communication requirements for inverter-based islanded microgrids. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 2020, 121, 106036 .
AMA StyleCarlos A. Macana, Eduardo Mojica-Nava, Hemanshu R. Pota, Josep Guerrero, Juan C. Vasquez. Accurate proportional power sharing with minimum communication requirements for inverter-based islanded microgrids. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2020; 121 ():106036.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos A. Macana; Eduardo Mojica-Nava; Hemanshu R. Pota; Josep Guerrero; Juan C. Vasquez. 2020. "Accurate proportional power sharing with minimum communication requirements for inverter-based islanded microgrids." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 121, no. : 106036.
The development and the experimental validation of a novel dynamic model of an islanded three-phase Inverter-based Microgrid (IMG) is presented in this paper. The proposed model reproduces the relevant system dynamics without excessive complexity and enough accuracy. The dynamics of the IMG are captured with a compact and scalable dynamic model, considering inverter based distributed generators with d-current droop primary and proportional resonant inner controllers. The complete development of the model, the practical assumptions, and the accurate proportional power sharing of the primary control technique are shown. The accuracy performance was verified in experiments performed at the Aalborg Intelligent Microgrids Laboratory for an islanded IMG case.
Carlos A. Macana; Eduardo Mojica-Nava; Hemanshu R. Pota; Josep M. Guerrero; Juan C. Vasquez. A Novel Compact dq-Reference Frame Model for Inverter-Based Microgrids. Electronics 2019, 8, 1326 .
AMA StyleCarlos A. Macana, Eduardo Mojica-Nava, Hemanshu R. Pota, Josep M. Guerrero, Juan C. Vasquez. A Novel Compact dq-Reference Frame Model for Inverter-Based Microgrids. Electronics. 2019; 8 (11):1326.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos A. Macana; Eduardo Mojica-Nava; Hemanshu R. Pota; Josep M. Guerrero; Juan C. Vasquez. 2019. "A Novel Compact dq-Reference Frame Model for Inverter-Based Microgrids." Electronics 8, no. 11: 1326.
An energy storage system is a key element of renewable-based power generation. Its flexible operational capabilities reduce not only the impact of intermittent power generation but also operational costs. In this paper, a dynamic penalty function is proposed to the charging term of the cost function to efficiently manage the battery energy and thereby reducing operational costs. The charging/discharging periods of the battery are effectively controlled based on the solar power generation and residential real-time electricity prices (RRTP). The optimisation problem formulated for the application of real-time energy management is solved with the help of particle swarm optimisation (PSO). It is shown that the proposed cost function can reduce operational costs over a time horizon of 96 hours by 4.2 per cent as compared to the cost function reported in the literature. Simulation studies are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed cost function over the existing cost function.
Alamgir Hossain; Hemanshu Roy Pota; Carlos Macana Moreno. Real-time Battery Energy Management for Residential Solar Power System. IFAC-PapersOnLine 2019, 52, 407 -412.
AMA StyleAlamgir Hossain, Hemanshu Roy Pota, Carlos Macana Moreno. Real-time Battery Energy Management for Residential Solar Power System. IFAC-PapersOnLine. 2019; 52 (4):407-412.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlamgir Hossain; Hemanshu Roy Pota; Carlos Macana Moreno. 2019. "Real-time Battery Energy Management for Residential Solar Power System." IFAC-PapersOnLine 52, no. 4: 407-412.
The challenges and potential solutions in modeling and simulation for the new distribution grids with high penetration of inverter interfaced distributed generators including wind and photovoltaic generators are presented in this paper. A dq0 dynamic model for grid-connected Current Source Inverters (CSI) with power control is developed and validated in two different simulation studies. In this way, Electromagnetic transient (EMT) and phasor (PS) simulations are performed for a simple case of a CSI connected to the grid. A modified 13-nodes IEEE distribution test system with photovoltaic and wind based distributed generation is performed to extend the results to a standard distribution test system. Accuracy and reliability problems can be inferred from the simulation results if the network dynamics are neglected, and the need to develop new simulation models for the new emerging distribution grids is shown.
Carlos A. Macana; Hemanshu Pota; Alamgir Hossain. Modeling and Simulation of Inverter based Distributed Generators for Renewable Energy Integration. IFAC-PapersOnLine 2019, 52, 30 -35.
AMA StyleCarlos A. Macana, Hemanshu Pota, Alamgir Hossain. Modeling and Simulation of Inverter based Distributed Generators for Renewable Energy Integration. IFAC-PapersOnLine. 2019; 52 (4):30-35.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos A. Macana; Hemanshu Pota; Alamgir Hossain. 2019. "Modeling and Simulation of Inverter based Distributed Generators for Renewable Energy Integration." IFAC-PapersOnLine 52, no. 4: 30-35.
This paper presents an experimental demonstration of a novel real-time Energy Management System (EMS) for inverter-based microgrids to achieve optimal economic operation using a simple dynamic algorithm without offline optimization process requirements. The dynamic algorithm solves the economic dispatch problem offering an adequate stability performance and an optimal power reference tracking under sudden load and generation changes. Convergence, optimality and frequency regulation properties of the real-time EMS are shown, and the effectiveness and compatibility with inner and primary controllers are validated in experiments, showing better performance on optimal power tracking and frequency regulation than conventional droop control power sharing techniques.
Carlos A. Macana; Hemanshu R. Pota; Quanyan Zhu; Josep M. Guerrero; Juan C. Vasquez. Experiments on a Real-Time Energy Management System for Islanded Prosumer Microgrids. Electronics 2019, 8, 925 .
AMA StyleCarlos A. Macana, Hemanshu R. Pota, Quanyan Zhu, Josep M. Guerrero, Juan C. Vasquez. Experiments on a Real-Time Energy Management System for Islanded Prosumer Microgrids. Electronics. 2019; 8 (9):925.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos A. Macana; Hemanshu R. Pota; Quanyan Zhu; Josep M. Guerrero; Juan C. Vasquez. 2019. "Experiments on a Real-Time Energy Management System for Islanded Prosumer Microgrids." Electronics 8, no. 9: 925.
The Microgrids (MGs) are an effective way to deal with the smart grid challenges, including service continuity in the event of a grid interruption, and renewable energy integration. The MGs are compounded by multiple distributed generators (DGs), and the main control goals are load demand sharing and voltage and frequency stability. Important research has been reported to cope with the implementation challenges of the MGs including the power sharing control problem, where the use of cybernetic components such as virtual components, and communication systems is a common characteristic. The use of these cybernetic components to control complex physical systems generates new modeling challenges in order to achieve an adequate balance between complexity and accuracy in the MG model. The standardization problem of the cyber-physical MG models is addressed in this work, using a cyber-physical energy systems (CPES) modeling methodology to build integrated modules, and define the communication architectures that each power sharing control strategy requires in an AC-MG. Based on these modules, the control designer can identify the signals and components that eventually require a time delay analysis, communication requirements evaluation, and cyber-attacks’ prevention strategies. Similarly, the modules of each strategy allow for analyzing the potential advantages and drawbacks of each power sharing control technique from a cyber physical perspective.
Carlos A. Macana; Ahmed F. Abdou; Hemanshu R. Pota; Josep M. Guerrero; Juan C. Vasquez. Cyber Physical Energy Systems Modules for Power Sharing Controllers in Inverter Based Microgrids. Inventions 2018, 3, 66 .
AMA StyleCarlos A. Macana, Ahmed F. Abdou, Hemanshu R. Pota, Josep M. Guerrero, Juan C. Vasquez. Cyber Physical Energy Systems Modules for Power Sharing Controllers in Inverter Based Microgrids. Inventions. 2018; 3 (3):66.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos A. Macana; Ahmed F. Abdou; Hemanshu R. Pota; Josep M. Guerrero; Juan C. Vasquez. 2018. "Cyber Physical Energy Systems Modules for Power Sharing Controllers in Inverter Based Microgrids." Inventions 3, no. 3: 66.
The economic dispatch problem for a Microgrid with independent prosumers, presents a market scenario where the prosumers act strategically maximizing their own benefits, and restricting strategic information such as energy production costs. In this context, the power allocation needs to follow a bidding process instead of a conventional economic dispatch process. Based on a game theory approach, a new average bidding algorithm is proposed, which achieves that the prosumer bids converge to an exact and efficient Nash equilibrium (ENE). At the ENE the power allocation minimizes the total energy cost in the Microgrid, and the set of bids maximizes the individual profit of each prosumer. Convergence conditions of the algorithm are presented, and it is shown that unlike of previous approaches the accuracy of the ENE does not depend on the step-size of the iterations. The performance of the bidding process is verified in numerical simulations, finding advantages of the proposed strategy respect to the Nash equilibrium seeking algorithm in terms of accuracy, and applicability for online operation.
Carlos A. Macana; Hemanshu Pota. Optimal energy management system for strategic prosumer microgrids: An average bidding algorithm for prosumer aggregators. 2017 11th Asian Control Conference (ASCC) 2017, 705 -710.
AMA StyleCarlos A. Macana, Hemanshu Pota. Optimal energy management system for strategic prosumer microgrids: An average bidding algorithm for prosumer aggregators. 2017 11th Asian Control Conference (ASCC). 2017; ():705-710.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos A. Macana; Hemanshu Pota. 2017. "Optimal energy management system for strategic prosumer microgrids: An average bidding algorithm for prosumer aggregators." 2017 11th Asian Control Conference (ASCC) , no. : 705-710.
An online energy management strategy for a residential Microgrid (MG) based on battery energy storage systems (BESS) and diesel distributed generators (DGs) is proposed. The economic dispatch problem is solved online using a centralized dynamic algorithm and the distributed real-time local measurements of injected power of each DG. The dynamic algorithm minimizes the total energy cost in the MG while the load-generation balance is guaranteed without exceeding the maximum power generation capacities. The optimal active power references are tracked by each DG using feedback linearizing inner controllers, which guarantees a stable operation of the inner dynamics. The convergence and optimality properties of the energy management strategy are proved. The BEES based DG dynamic model is developed, and the feedback linearizing inner controller design is presented. The effectiveness and compatibility of the energy management strategy and the inner controller design are validated in an electromagnetic transient simulation performed in Matlab/Simulink-Simpower.
C. A. Macana; S. M. Mohiuddin; H. R. Pota; M.A. Mahmud. Online energy management strategy for islanded microgrids with feedback linearizing inner controllers. 2017 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT-Asia) 2017, 1 -6.
AMA StyleC. A. Macana, S. M. Mohiuddin, H. R. Pota, M.A. Mahmud. Online energy management strategy for islanded microgrids with feedback linearizing inner controllers. 2017 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT-Asia). 2017; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. A. Macana; S. M. Mohiuddin; H. R. Pota; M.A. Mahmud. 2017. "Online energy management strategy for islanded microgrids with feedback linearizing inner controllers." 2017 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT-Asia) , no. : 1-6.
The partial feedback linearizing controller design approach is presented in this paper, for a proton exchange membrane fuel-cell (PEMFC)-based energy storage system. The PEMFC system is connected to the three-phase grid through a voltage source converter (VSC). The dynamical model of the PEMFC is developed from the electrical equivalent circuit, and then based on the developed model partial feedback linearizing controller is employed to regulate the active and reactive power injection from the PEMFC system to the three-phase grid supply point. The dq-axes components of the grid current corresponding to the active and reactive power are controlled to accomplish the control objective. The partial feedback linearizing controller is implemented after investigating stability of the internal dynamics of grid-connected PEMFC system, as stable internal dynamics are crucial for the implementation of this type of controller. Third harmonic injected (THI) modulation scheme is incorporated with the partial feedback linearizing controller to increase efficiency of the controller. Finally, the performance of the proposed control approach is validated through simulation results under different grid events in a three-phase grid-connected PEMFC system, and in the CIGRE low voltage distribution network.
S. M. Mohiuddin; C. A. Macana; H. R. Pota; Tareq Hossen; M. A. Mahmud. Nonlinear partial feedback linearizing controller design for grid-connected fuel-cell system with third harmonic injected PWM approach. 2017 North American Power Symposium (NAPS) 2017, 1 -6.
AMA StyleS. M. Mohiuddin, C. A. Macana, H. R. Pota, Tareq Hossen, M. A. Mahmud. Nonlinear partial feedback linearizing controller design for grid-connected fuel-cell system with third harmonic injected PWM approach. 2017 North American Power Symposium (NAPS). 2017; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. M. Mohiuddin; C. A. Macana; H. R. Pota; Tareq Hossen; M. A. Mahmud. 2017. "Nonlinear partial feedback linearizing controller design for grid-connected fuel-cell system with third harmonic injected PWM approach." 2017 North American Power Symposium (NAPS) , no. : 1-6.
The Microgrid (MG) concept has been proposed as an effective way to achieve the Smart Grid objectives. Although different implementation challenges of the MGs have been overcome, issues related to reactive power sharing control have been researched recently and new trends have been proposed. These new control strategies have in common the use of different cybernetic characteristics including virtual components and communication systems. This paper discusses these new trends based on a cyber physical methodology, where the communication architectures, as well as, cyber-physical (CP) modelling modules are developed to analyse their potential advantages and drawbacks from a cyber physical perspective.
Carlos Andres Macana; Hemanshu Pota. New trends of reactive power sharing control for islanded microgrids: A cyber-physical review. 2016 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT-Asia) 2016, 353 -358.
AMA StyleCarlos Andres Macana, Hemanshu Pota. New trends of reactive power sharing control for islanded microgrids: A cyber-physical review. 2016 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT-Asia). 2016; ():353-358.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Andres Macana; Hemanshu Pota. 2016. "New trends of reactive power sharing control for islanded microgrids: A cyber-physical review." 2016 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT-Asia) , no. : 353-358.
In the path to the future implementation of the smart grid, microgrids are presented as a cornerstone. An efficient and optimal microgrid operation is paramount. In this paper, we present a hierarchical microgrid management system using task sharing and an evolutionary game theory based dispatch strategy as a coordination algorithm to integrate the three main control levels needed for microgrid operation, which can be considered as a distributed intelligent system. The proposed algorithm shares the total load demanded into the distributed generators efficiently, while the microgrid utility is maximized dynamically, increasing the system reliability. Some simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the dynamic performance of the proposed approach compared with a traditional hierarchical algorithm.
Eduardo Mojica-Nava; Carlos A. Macana; Nicanor Quijano. Dynamic Population Games for Optimal Dispatch on Hierarchical Microgrid Control. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems 2013, 44, 306 -317.
AMA StyleEduardo Mojica-Nava, Carlos A. Macana, Nicanor Quijano. Dynamic Population Games for Optimal Dispatch on Hierarchical Microgrid Control. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems. 2013; 44 (3):306-317.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEduardo Mojica-Nava; Carlos A. Macana; Nicanor Quijano. 2013. "Dynamic Population Games for Optimal Dispatch on Hierarchical Microgrid Control." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems 44, no. 3: 306-317.
The time-delay effect on load frequency control (LFC) for power smart grids systems based on microgrids (MGs) is analyzed. A new cyber-physical modeling approach is used to identify system signals that are vulnerable to communication constraints. An analytic approach based on the Rekasius substitution and sum of squares decomposition is proposed to find the time-delay stability margin of LFC in microgrids. The cyber physical modeling and time-delay margin analysis approaches are applied to a microgrid example based on a distributed diesel generator and a photo-voltaic generator. In addition, the impact of time-delays for these class of systems is shown in simulation. The proposed approach can be used to analyze other cybernetic constraints in smart grid power systems and the methodology used to find delay stability margin can be extended to power systems of larger scale, as interconnected microgrids.
Carlos A. Macana; Eduardo Mojica-Nava; Nicanor Quijano. Time-delay effect on load frequency control for microgrids. 2013 10th IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NETWORKING, SENSING AND CONTROL (ICNSC) 2013, 544 -549.
AMA StyleCarlos A. Macana, Eduardo Mojica-Nava, Nicanor Quijano. Time-delay effect on load frequency control for microgrids. 2013 10th IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NETWORKING, SENSING AND CONTROL (ICNSC). 2013; ():544-549.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos A. Macana; Eduardo Mojica-Nava; Nicanor Quijano. 2013. "Time-delay effect on load frequency control for microgrids." 2013 10th IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NETWORKING, SENSING AND CONTROL (ICNSC) , no. : 544-549.
An important challenge for future energy systems is a new modeling methodology that integrates the cyber and physical components. This model must include the impact of communication networks and further cyber components, besides the relevant information of the physical system, in terms of efficiency, sustainability, reliability, security, and stability. The Cyber Physical Energy Systems (CPES) concept is presented as an interesting alternative to address this issue and its main features are identified. The main CPES research areas are identified as: modelling energy systems, energy efficiency, energy resource management, and energy control. In this work, the advantages of the CPES approach are shown in order to address current challenges in future energy systems. Smart grids, based on microgrids and distributed generation concepts, are identified as an interesting application of the CPES. A new proposal for modeling smart grids based on the CPES approach is introduced.
Carlos A. Macana; Nicanor Quijano; Eduardo Mojica-Nava. A survey on Cyber Physical Energy Systems and their applications on smart grids. 2011 IEEE PES CONFERENCE ON INNOVATIVE SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES LATIN AMERICA (ISGT LA) 2011, 1 -7.
AMA StyleCarlos A. Macana, Nicanor Quijano, Eduardo Mojica-Nava. A survey on Cyber Physical Energy Systems and their applications on smart grids. 2011 IEEE PES CONFERENCE ON INNOVATIVE SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES LATIN AMERICA (ISGT LA). 2011; ():1-7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos A. Macana; Nicanor Quijano; Eduardo Mojica-Nava. 2011. "A survey on Cyber Physical Energy Systems and their applications on smart grids." 2011 IEEE PES CONFERENCE ON INNOVATIVE SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES LATIN AMERICA (ISGT LA) , no. : 1-7.