The aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ratio, also known as De Ritis ratio, has been reportedly associated with malnutrition which plays a crucial role in sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between AST/ALT ratio and sarcopenia in the Chinese community-dwelling elderly. A cross-sectional study with 2751 participants (1343 men and 1408 women) aged ≥60 years was performed. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), grip strength, and gait speed were measured to diagnose sarcopenia according to the latest Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) consensus. The association of AST/ALT ratio with sarcopenia was examined using logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of sarcopenia in the present study was 4.4%. AST/ALT ratio was higher in the sarcopenia group than in the non-sarcopenia group (1.30 ± 0.33 vs. 1.16 ± 0.62, P = 0.010). AST/ALT ratio was negatively correlated with the components of sarcopenia, including ASMI, grip strength, and gait speed. Logistic regression analysis indicated that high AST/ALT ratio (>1.20) was associated with increased risk of sarcopenia even after adjustment for potential confounders (adjusted OR = 2.33, 95%CI = 1.48–3.68, P < 0.001). Stratification analyses indicated that the association of high AST/ALT ratio with high risk of sarcopenia was more significant in males and the elderly with ≥70 years. Our findings demonstrate that high AST/ALT ratio is associated with increased risk of sarcopenia in a Chinese population of community-dwelling elderly.

The relationship between drinking and sarcopenia remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of alcohol drinking with sarcopenia in the older adults. A prospective study with 5244 Chinese community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years was performed. Sarcopenia was assessed by appendicular skeletal muscle mass index, grip strength, and gait speed. A quantitative questionnaire was used to obtain the information of alcohol drinking. After 4-year follow-up, our study showed that drinkers had lower incidence of sarcopenia than those non-drinkers (19.4% vs. 30.4%, P < 0.001 in males and 9.5% vs. 20.4%, P = 0.004 in females, respectively). Moreover, male drinkers had higher levels of muscle mass [median (IQR): 7.3 (6.7–7.9) kg/m² vs. 7.1 (6.5–7.7) kg/m², P < 0.001] grip strength [median (IQR): 31.1 (26.5–35.0) kg vs. 29.6 (24.8–38.8) kg, P < 0.001], and gait speed [median (IQR): 1.08 (0.98–1.17) m/s vs. 1.05 (0.94–1.15) m/s, P < 0.001] than those non-drinkers, while female drinkers had higher gait speed [median (IQR): 1.02 (0.94–1.11) m/s vs. 0.99 (0.89–1.09) m/s, P = 0.031] than those non-drinkers. Multivariate logistic regression showed that in older adults younger than 85 years, both interim drinking (RR = 0.60; 95%CI = 0.39–0.93; P = 0.021 for males; RR = 0.36; 95%CI = 0.13–0.90; P = 0.035 for females) and daily drinking (RR = 0.78; 95%CI = 0.61–0.99; P = 0.045 for males; RR = 0.34; 95%CI = 0.12–0.96; P = 0.041 for females) were correlated with decreased risk of sarcopenia even after adjustment for confounding factors. However, our dose-response analysis did not show any significant relationship between daily alcohol intake and the risk of sarcopenia as well as the components of sarcopenia. In conclusion, our results indicated that alcohol drinking may not be a risk factor for sarcopenia in the older adults. Further research will help to understand the underlying mechanism of the observed causal relationship.

Sarcopenia is characterized by aging-related progressive loss of muscle mass and function; however, the specific and sensitive biomarkers are still limited. Biometals and trace elements provide a potential connection linking the environment and lifestyle to pathological processes of sarcopenia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between urinary trace elements levels and the presence of sarcopenia. A total of 100 older adults aged ≥65 years consisting of 50 patients with sarcopenia and 50 subjects without sarcopenia were enrolled. The urinary concentrations of 35 elements were examined by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We found that a panel of 11 urinary elements including Ti, B, Na, Al, K, Ca, V, Rb, Sr, Cs, and Tl were decreased in patients with sarcopenia. Partial correlation analysis showed that urinary levels of Na (r = 0.242, P = 0.017) and Al (r = 0.303, P = 0.002) were positively correlated with gait speed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that urinary Al level (adjusted OR = 0.986, 95 %CI =0.978-0.996, P = 0.004) was negatively associated with the risk of sarcopenia in older adults even after adjustment for potential confounding factors. ROC curve analysis indicated that the optimal cut-off value of urinary Al level for the prediction of sarcopenia was 46.53 μg/mL with a sensitivity of 58 % and a specificity of 78 % (AUC =0.691, 95 % CI =0.587-0.796, P < 0.001). Taken together, our data indicate that urinary Al level shows potential as a biomarker associated with sarcopenia status in older adults. Further studies are needed to confirm the results of our study and elucidate the underlying mechanism by which Al participates in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia.

Background: Sarcopenia is an age-related condition characterized by loss of muscle mass and function. Nephrolithiasis represents a prevalent urological disorder that imposes a substantial burden on healthcare resources. However, the association between sarcopenia and nephrolithiasis remains poorly characterized. Methods: A total of 2586 older adults were included in this cross-sectional study. We used the univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to assess the relationship between nephrolithiasis and sarcopenia. Additionally, stratified analyses and propensity score matching (PSM) were performed to account for potential confounding factors. Results: The prevalence of sarcopenia in the present study was 7.2%. In Model 4, which integrated for all relevant covariates, nephrolithiasis was associated with approximately a 190% increased prevalence of sarcopenia compared to non-nephrolithiasis patients (OR: 2.912, 95% CI: 1.708– 4.968, P < 0.001). Following PSM, the results also confirmed the association between nephrolithiasis and sarcopenia (OR: 4.426, 95% CI: 1.547– 12.661, P = 0.006). Notably, this association was more pronounced in subgroups including males (OR: 3.296, 95% CI: 1.436– 7.564, P = 0.005), lower education level (OR: 8.127, 95% CI: 3.057– 21.609, P < 0.001), and diabetes (OR: 6.686, 95% CI: 2.626– 17.027, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that nephrolithiasis is positively related to the potential risk of sarcopenia in Chinese older adults. This finding indicates that nephrolithiasis may contribute to sarcopenia development, thereby emphasizing that prevention and intervention strategies for sarcopenia should account for the adverse effects of nephrolithiasis.

Introduction: The fasting blood glucose test is widely used for diabetes screening. However, it may fail to detect early‐stage diabetes characterized by elevated postprandial glucose levels. Hence, we developed and internally validated a nomogram to predict the diabetes risk in older adults with normal fasting glucose levels.Materials and Methods: This study enrolled 2,235 older adults, dividing them into a Training Set (n = 1,564) and a Validation Set (n = 671) based on a 7:3 ratio. We employed the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression to identify predictors for constructing the nomogram. Calibration and discrimination were employed to assess the nomogram's performance, while its clinical utility was evaluated through decision curve analysis.Results: Nine key variables were identified as significant factors: age, gender, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase, the ratio of alanine aminotransferase to aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, and hemoglobin. The nomogram demonstrated good discrimination, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.824 in the Training Set and 0.809 in the Validation Set. Calibration curves for both sets confirmed the model's accuracy in estimating the actual diabetes risk. Decision curve analysis highlighted the model's clinical utility.Conclusions: We provided a dynamic nomogram for identifying older adults at risk of diabetes, potentially enhancing the efficiency of diabetes screening in primary healthcare units.

Objectives: The link between lipid disorders and diverse diseases is amply documented. Yet, research probing how serum lipid levels tie in with sarcopenia remains scarce. This study delves into the connection between the LDL/HDL ratio and sarcopenia among elderly Chinese people. Methods: A total of 3,968 senior participants from Chinese communities were included in this cross-sectional study. To explore the relationship between the LDL/HDL ratio and sarcopenia, both a multivariate logistic regression model and a restricted cubic spline model were used. ROC curve analysis was employed to gauge how well the LDL/HDL ratio can detect sarcopenia. Results: Among the participants, 780 were diagnosed with sarcopenia. Multivariable logistic regression unveiled a significant positive correlation between the LDL/HDL ratio and sarcopenia. After adjusting for potential confounders, each unit increase in the LDL/HDL ratio corresponded to an approximately 3-fold higher odds of sarcopenia (OR = 3.01, 95% CI: 2.66–3.41, P < 0.001). A non – linear relationship between the LDL/HDL ratio and sarcopenia was confirmed by RSC analysis ( P < 0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that the LDL/HDL ratio outperformed its individual components in predictive ability for sarcopenia. Conclusions: This study indicates that the LDL/HDL ratio may serve as an independent risk factor for sarcopenia.