Objectives: This study aims to investigate the role of fetal thymus and adrenal medulla dimensions in the pathogenesis of preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM). Methods: A prospective, case-control study was conducted involving 45 pregnant women with PPROM between 28 and 37 weeks of gestation and 45 matched healthy controls. Ultrasonographic measurements of fetal thymus (width, length, thymothoracic ratio (TTR)) and adrenal glands (length, width, depth, volume), including the adrenal medulla, were performed. Biochemical markers (WBC, CRP) and neonatal outcomes were recorded. Statistical analyses included comparisons between groups, correlation assessments, and ROC curve analysis to evaluate predictive parameters. Results: The fetal thymus dimensions and TTR ratio were significantly smaller in the PPROM group. The adrenal medulla volume, length, and depth were notably reduced, while total adrenal gland size showed no significant difference. Moderate negative correlations were observed between inflammatory markers and TTR. ROC analysis indicated that TTR and adrenal medulla volume could predict NICU admission with moderate sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions: The findings suggest that alterations in fetal thymus and adrenal medulla sizes are associated with PPROM and may serve as potential biomarkers for its diagnosis and prognosis. Further large-scale studies are warranted to validate these parameters and explore their clinical applications.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of intraovarian platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment on ovarian reserve markers, hormonal profiles, oocyte yield, fertilization potential, and pregnancy outcomes in infertile women with diminished ovarian reserve. Methods: This retrospective single-center study was conducted at a tertiary referral center between January 2021 and December 2024 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IVF Clinic, Private Diyarlife Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey. A total of 78 infertile women with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) were included. DOR was defined in the present study as an AMH level < 1.1 ng/mL and/or an antral follicle count (AFC) < 5 follicles. Pre-PRP and post-PRP measurements were compared in the same patients. Hormonal and clinical parameters, including prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), estradiol, endometrial thickness, gonadotropin dosage, antral follicle count (AFC), mature metaphase II (MII) oocyte count, and two-pronuclear (2PN) zygote count, were evaluated before and after PRP treatment. Results: Significant increases were observed in AMH and prolactin levels, whereas FSH levels significantly decreased following PRP treatment (all p < 0.001). Post-PRP AFC, MII oocyte count, and 2PN zygote count were significantly higher than pre-PRP values (all p < 0.001). A total of 21 pregnancies (26.9%) were achieved, including 17 clinical pregnancies (81.0% of pregnancies; 21.8% of all patients), 4 biochemical pregnancies (19.0% of pregnancies; 5.1% of all patients), 11 miscarriages (52.4% of pregnancies; 14.1% of all patients), and 6 live births (28.6% of pregnancies; 7.7% of all patients). Significant positive correlations were identified between post-PRP AFC and MII oocyte count (r = 0.803, p < 0.001), post-PRP AFC and 2PN zygote count (r = 0.624, p < 0.001), and MII oocyte count and 2PN zygote count (r = 0.728, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Intraovarian PRP administration was associated with improvements in ovarian reserve markers, oocyte maturation, and fertilization-related outcomes in women with DOR. Significant increases in AFC, MII oocyte count, and 2PN zygote count were observed after PRP treatment. However, these improvements in ovarian reserve markers were not associated with significant differences between women who achieved pregnancy and those who did not. Because of the retrospective design and the absence of a control group, these findings should be interpreted as associations rather than evidence of a causal treatment effect. Although clinical pregnancies and live births were observed during follow-up, larger, multicenter randomized controlled trials are required to confirm these findings and to further evaluate the effect of PRP on reproductive outcomes.