Herein, V₂O₅ thin films were deposited through O₂-reactive radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering using a metallic vanadium arget without external heating on a glass substrate. The influence of the RF power and O₂ content on phase formation was investigated, and the percentage of the phase volume was related to the electrical and optical properties of the films. These films were composed of a mixture of α and β phases of V₂O₅, and the coexistence of monoclinic (βм) and tetragonal (βт) symmetries of the β-phase structure was observed. The phase of the film deposited at 100 W RF power with 10% O₂ was βт. Increasing the RF power to 150 W led to the development of the βм phase in the film. At 200 W, the obtained film was a mixture of βм- and α-V₂O₅ phases, and the film produced with an O₂ content of more than 10% was a mixture of three phases: βт-, βм-, and α-V₂O₅. Further increase in the O₂ content decreased the βм-phase volume but increased the βт-phase volume. The electrical resistivity and optical properties depended on the phase volume. Furthermore, the relationship between the phase volume and film properties is presented.

This study aimed to develop a local dataset of abnormal RBC morphology from confirmed cases of anemia and thalassemia in Thailand, providing a foundation for medical image analysis and future AI-assisted diagnostics. Blood smear samples from six hematological disorders were collected between April and May 2025, with twelve regions of interest segmented into approximately 34,000 single-cell images. To characterize cell variability, a convolutional autoencoder was applied to extract latent features, while ellipse fitting was used to quantify cell geometry. Expert hematologists validated representative clusters to ensure clinical accuracy, and data augmentation was employed to address class imbalance and expand rare morphological types. From the dataset, 14,089 high-quality single-cell images were used to classify RBC morphology into 36 clinically meaningful categories. Unlike existing datasets that rely on limited or curated samples, this dataset reflects population-specific characteristics and morphological diversity relevant to Southeast Asia. The results demonstrate the feasibility of establishing scalable and interpretable datasets that integrate computational methods with expert knowledge. The proposed dataset serves as a robust resource for advancing hematology research and contributes to bridging traditional diagnostics with AI-driven clinical support systems.

The PID controller and real-time monitoring system for a low-temperature furnace was developed. The system has two part, the PID controller, and the real-time monitoring part. An Arduino mega2560 microcontroller board was used for measuring and control the furnace temperature. A type-K thermocouple and a MAX31850 IC was applied for a furnace temperature measurement. The microcontroller board and a MAX31850 were connected via the One-wire bus for convert the temperature values and sent to a personal computer. The PID parameters can be varied by a user in the program, which developed by LabVIEW Software on a computer. The laboratory made furnace was established for testing the controller and monitoring system. The results have shown that the temperature with the range of 25-500 degree Celsius can be controlled. By the trial and error method with the PID parameters, kp was 250, Ti was 0.05 and Td was 0.20, the target temperature can be controlled with the maximum error of 1 degree Celsius.

Red blood cell (RBC) morphology is critical for diagnosing hematological disorders, particularly in regions such as Southeast Asia where anemia and thalassemia are highly prevalent. However, manual microscopic assessment is labor-intensive, subjective, and dependent on expert availability, while existing automated methods often rely on small, curated datasets that fail to represent real-world smear variability. This study proposes a hybrid framework integrating preprocessing, unsupervised autoencoding, k-means clustering, ellipse fitting, expert-in-the-loop validation, and targeted data augmentation to establish a robust RBC labeling pipeline. High-resolution smear images from confirmed anemia and thalassemia cases were processed to extract over 14,000 single-cell patches, filtered systematically into quality-assured subsets. Latent features from a CNN autoencoder enabled clustering into 80 morphological groups, quantified using ellipse-based geometric metrics and validated by hematology experts. Data augmentation addressed class imbalance, expanding rare morphologies while preserving realistic cell structure. The resulting dataset captures clinically relevant morphological diversity specific to the Thai population and provides a scalable, interpretable framework for medical analysis and future AI model development in hematology.

The low-cost hot plate temperature controller was developed using Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller board. The controller composed of the Arduino microcontroller which was the controller main part, a temperature sensor part and a 7-displays part for monitoring temperature values. The K-type thermocouple connected to MAX31850 IC was established for a temperature sensor. The 4-digit 7 segment display was used for temperature monitoring. The controller program consists of measurement, display and controls the PID parameters was developed in Arduino IDE. The hot plate which has 24-ohm heater wire was applied to this experiment. The result has shown that the temperature in the range of 25-500 degree Celsius was controlled with the resolution of 0.25 degree Celsius. Using the trial and error method for the PID parameter varied the target temperature can be reached with the maximum error was 3 degree Celsius.

The purpose of this research is designed and constructed of a small vacuum furnace. A cylindrical graphite was chosen as the material of the furnace, the cylinder aluminium and copper sheets were employed to prevent the heat radiation that transfers from the furnace to the chamber wall. A rotary pump used, the pressure of graphite furnace can be pumped up to 30 mTorr and heated up to 700 °C driving by wire and the temperature of the chamber wall is relatively remained too low. In addition, heat loss obtained from the graphite furnace by conduction, convection, and radiation were analyzed. The dominating heat loss was found to be caused by the blackbody radiation, which can thus be used to estimate the relationship between graphite furnace temperature and the drive power needed. The cylindrical graphite furnace has an inner diameter of 44 mm, the outer diameter of 60 mm and 45 mm in height, the 355.5 W of power is needed to drive the furnace to 700 °C.