Background/Objectives: People living with neurological conditions are inactive despite widespread literature showing physical activity (PA) is beneficial for this population. To impact long term changes in PA behavior, physical therapists treating individuals with neurological conditions need to provide effective PA promotion in combination with behavior change techniques (BCTs). The purpose of this study is to (1) characterize the use of BCTs during neurorehabilitation, and (2) to gain an understanding of considerations related to PA promotion. Methods: Observations of outpatient physical therapy encounters with subsequent semi-structured interviews were conducted. Observations were transcribed with detailed field notes and analyzed with descriptive analysis and deductive coding. Interviews were analyzed with thematic analysis. Results: Observations indicated that PA promotion in neurorehabilitation practice emphasizes home exercise programs, with less focus on aerobic activity. The most common BCTs used were instruction on how to perform the behavior, behavioral practice and rehearsal, and social support. Primary themes that impacted physical therapist use of BCTS for PA promotion included knowledge, decision processes, perceived role, beliefs, environmental context, and social influences. Conclusions: PA promotion from physical therapists in neurorehabilitation is not targeting activity guidelines and there is uncertainty about using behavior change strategies and PA guidelines for PA promotion.

Social determinants of health (SDH) account for 50% of the variance in health outcomes and significantly contribute to health disparities. Proven strategies to address SDH in practice require interprofessional collaboration and community partnerships. Health professions students need to understand how to work in an interprofessional team to address the impact of SDH health outcomes and develop the skills to affect change in health disparities. This scoping review examined the literature on the outcomes of experiential, interprofessional education curricula designed to address SDH within the health professions. PubMed Central (PMC) and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases identified 346 articles; 30 studies met the inclusion criteria for analysis. Data were summarized and findings were categorized by learning outcomes using an expanded version of the Kirkpatrick Model. Evidence from this review shows that interprofessional models of training that incorporate student-led, community-based supports and interventions for underserved populations may lead to higher impact learning outcomes of SDH, including transfer of skills and patient benefit, when compared to other experiential learning activities without an intervention component, such as simulation or community-based exposure experiences. Instructors should consider the desired learning outcomes in designing interprofessional experiences that include SDH objectives.