Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge and awareness among parents regarding oral hygiene habits in two different national groups and to raise awareness among parents about oral hygiene education. Methods: A sample of 640 parents from Rome (Italy) and Valencia (Spain) was collected. The survey involved children between 0 and 18 years of age. An online questionnaire was administered to gather information regarding demographic data, the level of knowledge about dental caries and its transmission, proper oral hygiene habits of parents with regard to their children, mothers’ attitudes towards their own oral health before or during pregnancy, awareness of risk behaviors, such as the use of pacifiers or baby bottles, sharing cutlery, the use of the same toothbrush in the entire family, the role of schools, and oral health prevention techniques. Results: The comparison between the two groups shows that Spanish parents are more attentive to oral hygiene measures compared to Italian parents, especially about the knowledge of dental caries and its transmission, oral health check-ups during pregnancy, and proper oral hygiene habits. In both groups, there is still little knowledge about oral prevention methods. Conclusions: From the results of our survey, we can conclude that the knowledge regarding oral hygiene among parents from both countries is not yet optimal when compared to international health objectives. It is necessary to promote oral health prevention programs both in schools and within families in order to improve children’s oral health.

Background/Objectives: Tooth colour perception is critical to aesthetic outcomes in restorative dentistry and patient satisfaction. Psychological and gender-related factors may modulate individual colour perception. This study evaluates the influence of gender and emotional state on tooth colour self-perception in healthy adults. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 100 adults (50 women, 50 men; mean age 32.2 years) without anterior restorations or systemic disease. Tooth shade was assessed by (i) operator visual matching using the VITA Classical A1–D4 guide, (ii) patient self-selection with the same guide, and (iii) spectrophotometric measurement (Spectroshade Micro). Emotional state was measured using the abbreviated Profile of Mood States (POMS-SF); the OHIP-14 was administered to characterise oral health–related quality of life. Statistical analyses included the Chi-squared test, Kendall’s τ, and t-test, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: A significant association between gender and the magnitude of patient–operator discrepancy was found (p = 0.013): women showed higher rates of complete agreement or two-step differences, whereas men more frequently exhibited one-step differences. Positive mood parameters (feeling active, energetic, satisfied) correlated with greater patient–operator agreement (τ = 0.17–0.23, p < 0.05). Significant association was neither observed between patient self-selection and spectrophotometric measurement (p = 0.225), nor between facial undertone, facial colour contrast, or depressive mood levels. Conclusions: Gender and emotional state influence subjective tooth colour perception. Positive mood is associated with improved agreement between perceived and clinically assessed colour. These findings support a personalised, gender- and mood-informed approach to shade selection and patient management in aesthetic dentistry.

A cancer of unknown primary site of origin (CUP) is a definition for neoplasms whose first—and unique—presentation is of a neck mass. The urgent need to identify and characterize the primary tumor imposes a precise, prompt, and individualized diagnostic pathway to best guide the treatment. For the aim of this work, 5323 patients were identified from case series ranging from the year 2016 to 2023, selecting, from the 605 total cases in 2019, the clinical cases that met the characteristics of a CUP, which concerned 28 individuals. The 5-year follow-up of the 28 patients examined in 2019 revealed that, in more than half of the patients, the site of onset of primary tumors could not be revealed. Of these, 9 patients were classified as being affected by a CUP, and 9 patients died of carcinoma of uncertain origin; in the remaining 10 patients, the investigations were able to reveal the primary tumor. The lack of identification of a primary tumor prevents the patient from being treated with a curative intent. The identification of the primary tumor is achieved through a pathway of investigations that involves several approaches from a multidisciplinary perspective. The contribution of imaging and its increasingly important role, along with the implementation of its techniques and technologies, help make certain diagnoses in less time.