The aim of this work is to study the composition and structural characteristics of the polyphenols of the tanning sumac Rhus coriaria L. of the Anacardiaceae family, growing in Uzbekistan, using a high-performance liquid chromatograph with a diode-matrix detector (HPLC-DAD) and a tandem temple mass-spectrometer (HPLC– Q-TOF-MS / MS). The phenolic compounds of the aerial part (leaves) of Rhus coriaria L. plants of the Anacardiaceae family were studied. For the first time, polyphenol fractions were isolated from tanning sumac leaves using stepwise hydrophobic chromatography. By HPLC, as a result of semi-preparative chromatography from the fraction eluted with 30% ethanol, 9 individual compounds were obtained, in the amount of: R-1 – 0.5 mg, R-2 – 0.8 mg, R-3 – 2.3 mg, R-4 – 12.6 mg, R-5 – 34.5 mg, R-6 – 15 mg, R-7 – 8 mg, R-8 – 7.1 mg, R-9 – 45.5 mg As a result of mass spectrometric analyzes and NMR spectroscopy for individual polyphenols, it was established that the polyphenols isolated in the individual state consist of gallic acid and glucose, interconnected by an ester bond: mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- , hexa-, hepta-, octa- and non-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose.

Pandemic preparedness is a complex of threat-agnostic countermeasures developed in advance which would be efficient against a future outbreak regardless of its causative agent, and broad-spectrum antivirals constitute a critical component of this complex. Plant polyphenols are known to suppress viruses of unrelated families by acting on multiple viral and cellular structures. We therefore searched for broad-spectrum antivirals among polyphenols that have been confirmed as safe to humans. The ellagitannin geraniin and galloylglucose constituents of the drug Rutan (1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose [R5], 3-bis-O-galloyl-1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose [R6], 2,4-bis-O-galloyl-1,3,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose [R7], 2,3,4-bis-O-galloyl-1,6-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose [R8]) were isolated from Geranium sanguineum and sumac (Rhus coriaria), respectively. We revealed their activity towards herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2), human cytomegalovirus (CMV), and the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). R5 suppressed HSV-1 and HSV-2 with equal efficiency, while Rutan and R7 were more active against HSV-1, and geraniin against HSV-2. Rutan and R5 also inhibited the intracellular replication of CMV and EBV (contrary to our expectations, geraniin and polyphenols R6–R8 showed no activity). Thus, we have shown for the first time that sumac polyphenols are capable of suppressing—in addition to HIV, influenza virus, and SARS-CoV-2—the reproduction of representatives of all three Orthoherpesviridae subfamilies, meeting the criteria for further development as broad-spectrum antivirals.

The aim of this work is to study the composition of polyphenols contained in plants of Euphorbia triodontus Prokh., growing throughout the Republic of Uzbekistan, in particular the Ferghana Valley region, using a high-performance liquid chromatograph with a diode-matrix detector (HPLC-DAD) and a tandem chromato-mass spectrometer (HPLC – Q-TOF-MS/MS). The roots of the plant Euphorbia triodontus Prokh., growing on the territory of Uzbekistan, collected in the period after flowering, studied the polyphenolic composition. For the first time from this type of Euphorbia, the method of stepwise hydrophobic chromatography was used to isolate polyphenolic fractions. By HPLC, as a result of semi-preparative chromatography, 6 individual compounds were isolated from the fraction eluted with a 20% methanol solution in the amount of: E-20-1 – 7 mg, E-20-2 – 22 mg, E-20-3 – 14.2 mg, E-20-4 – 41 mg, E-20-5 – 11.4 mg and E-20-6 – 32 mg. As a result of mass spectrometric analyzes, it was established that the polyphenols isolated in an individual state consist of gallic acid and glucose linked by an ester bond: O-galloyl-β-D-glucose. The structure of individual compounds was determined: E-20-1 – 1-O-meta-trigalloyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(4-O-β-D)-1-O-meta-trigalloyl-β-D-glucose, E-20-2 – 1-O-meta-trihalloyl-β-D-glucose, E-20-3 – 1-O-meta-tetragalloyl-β-D-glucose, E-20-4 – 1-O-meta-trigalloyl-4-O-haloyl-β-D-glucose, E-20-5 – 2,3,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose and E-20-6 – 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose.

The quantitative content of free amino acids and phenolic substances in the aerial parts (stems, leaves, fruits, seeds) of the Nitraria schoberi plant growing in the arid southern regions of the Aral Sea was studied. It was shown that the level of accumulation of free amino acids in various organs of the N. schoberi plant differs from each other. Thus, the total amount of 8 essential amino acids in the composition of plant leaves is 3.048% and 10 essential amino acids – 6.035%, respectively. The total amount of non-essential amino acids in N. schoberi seeds is 7.093%, of which alanine 1.828% and proline 2.149%, these amino acids are mainly accumulated in plant seeds. Polyphenolic compounds were isolated and identified using high performance liquid chromatography and LC/MS chromato-mass spectrometry. For the first time, in the stems and leaves of N.schoberi, the following were identified: Quercetin-3-O-(6''-acetate-gallactoside)-7-O-rhamnoside, Petinidin-3-O-(6''-coumaroyl-glucoside), Quercetin 3-O-galoctoside, Petinidin-3-O-glucoside, Isoramnetin-3-O-gallactoside-7-O-rhamnoside, 6-methoxyluthiolin, 1,2,3,6-tetragalloylglucose, 2-bis-O-galloyl- 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, 3,6-bis-O-galloyl-1,2,4-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, Gallic acid , Luteolin-7-O-glucuronide, kaempferol-3-O-acetate-gallactoside, Lariciresinol-sesquiline, Kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside, 5-galloylquinic acid, 3-hydroxyphloretin 2'-O-xylosyl-glucoside, 3- p-coumaroylquinonic acid, Isoramnetin-3-O-rutinoside, Genestein 7-O-β-D-glucoside. The obtained results on the study and determination of the chemical composition of the plant N. schoberi, common in this region, indicate the prospect of obtaining substances with antiviral activity against various viruses. The purpose of this research is to determine the content of free amino acids and phenolic compounds of the aboveground part of the N. schoberi plant, common in the South Aralkum.