Intra-articular injections form a substantial element of the temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) therapy. Given the role played by IL-1β in pathology, the use of autologous conditioned serum (ACS) is well-founded. Despite years of effective use in different locations, data regarding the intra-articular administration of ACS in TMD is scarce, and the strategy itself is not routinely applied. This study aims to provide preliminary evidence on the therapeutic efficacy of administering intra-articular ACS in treating TMD. Patients with TMD who received intra-articular ACS were included. More invasive co-interventions, such as arthroscopy, were excluded. Final searches were conducted on 17 June 2025, using five databases (ACM, BASE, DOAJ, PubMed, and SciELO). Risk of bias was evaluated using the RoB 2 tool. The results were tabulated. Only one study met the inclusion criteria. When compared to dextrose prolotherapy in internal TMD, ACS therapy resulted in greater improvement in mouth opening, pain, and joint-sound reduction. The small sample size, head-to-head design, and limited blinding suggest a highly cautious interpretation of the findings. ACS is a promising, but still experimental, therapeutic strategy addressing critical mechanisms in TMD. However, the currently available data is insufficient to confirm the effectiveness and safety of such an approach, and further high-quality studies are needed. This study received no funding. PROSPERO registration number: CRD420251069310.

Background/Objectives: Children’s unique physiological and behavioral needs require individualized treatment planning. It seems reasonable to investigate treatment options for recurrent temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation and assess their outcomes. This review was conducted with the purpose of identifying recent therapeutic approaches for TMJ dislocation in pediatric patients and evaluating their effectiveness. Methods: Searches were conducted on 21 September 2025, using BASE, PubMed, and Scopus. The review included studies with measurable outcomes, published between 2000 and 2025, that focused on patients under the age of 18 with recurrent TMJ dislocation. Studies with unclear diagnoses or undefined treatment methods were excluded. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s critical appraisal tool. The results were tabulated. Results: Based on the inclusion criteria, nine studies were included: one case-control study, three case series, and five case reports. Invasive treatment methods applied in pediatric patients were reported in two of those. Minimally invasive and conservative treatment methods were most frequently described, with botulinum toxin injections being the most commonly reported minimally invasive approach. Conclusions: Research revealed that conservative and minimally invasive methods are preferred in pediatric patients’ treatment. Due to the heterogeneity and limited number of available literature, consistent conclusions regarding the effectiveness of different treatment methods for recurrent TMJ dislocation in children could not be drawn. This study received no funding. PROSPERO ID number: CRD420251139493.

Background/Objectives: Intra-articular injections are used for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) resistant to conservative treatment. However, many reviews assess injectable agents combined with arthrocentesis or other co-interventions, limiting interpretation of their standalone effects. This overview aimed to summarize meta-analytic evidence on standalone intra-articular injections for temporomandibular joint disorders. Methods: MEDLINE, BASE, and Europe PMC were searched on 29 March 2026. Systematic reviews with quantitative meta-analyses evaluating standalone intra-articular TMJ injections were included. Data regarding injectable substances, clinical indications, and outcome domains were extracted and synthesized descriptively. Results: Three systematic reviews with meta-analyses were included. The evidence addressed platelet-rich plasma, corticosteroids, sodium hyaluronate, and physiological saline. Reported indications included degenerative joint disease, osteoarthritis, internal derangement, and arthritis. All included agents were reported to be associated with pain reduction. Conclusions: Meta-analytic evidence on standalone intra-articular injections for TMDs remains limited and heterogeneous. Available data suggest potential benefits, mainly for pain reduction, but do not establish clear superiority of any agent. The potential therapeutic activity of physiological saline should be considered when designing future injection trials.

Background: Due to the high frequency of pain associated with the masticatory system, in addition to the use of physiotherapy, it is sometimes beneficial to introduce percutaneous pharmacology. This is an example of a non-invasive alternative to the traditional route of administration, which can be highly effective and limit the risk of many side effects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transdermal drug application by patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Methods: A review of randomized controlled trials retrieved from PubMed, ACM, BASE, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar on 23 October 2025 was performed using the PRISMA Checklist. Studies that evaluated transdermal drug administration for masticatory system-related conditions were included. Trials involving interventions such as muscle punctures or any systemic treatments were excluded. The revised Cochrane tool (RoB 2) was used to assess the risk of bias. A statistical analysis of the effect of such therapy on pain and its influence on changes in mandibular abduction was performed. Results: A total of nine articles meeting the inclusion criteria were included, with a total of 390 participants. The risk of bias assessment indicated that most articles were of low risk of bias (6/8), while two were assessed as “some concerns”. The review found a significant reduction in pain on the visual analog scale (VAS) for selected active substances (p < 0.05). The greatest pain reduction occurred when 1.46% cannabidiol was used. There are few results regarding the effect of this method on jaw opening, and the results obtained are comparable for the placebo group, which was related to the application method. Conclusions: The results of this systematic review are promising and indicate the probable effectiveness of this method, but due to some limitations, this topic requires further investigation.

Objectives: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders are an increasingly common problem affecting patients. This systematic review aimed to analyze the available literature regarding the effectiveness of intra-articular ozone gas injections and their effects on pain reduction and jaw mobility. Methods: The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Bielefeld Academic Search Engine, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, PubMed, and references were searched (October 2025). Randomized controlled trials evaluating intra-TMJ gas injection compared to other intra-articular administration were included in the review. Analyses were performed both within and between groups. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB-2 tool, and the certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Results: Five studies out of 180, including a total of 230 patients, were included in the review. The studies reported using ozone at concentrations of 10–30 μg/mL. All included studies reported reductions in pain and improvements in mandibular mobility after treatment. In some comparisons, ozone-based interventions showed more favorable outcomes than control interventions; however, the findings were not consistent across outcomes, and the certainty of evidence was limited. Conclusions: Current evidence is insufficient to determine the effectiveness of intra-articular ozone injections for TMJ disorders. Some studies suggest possible short-term benefits in pain reduction and jaw mobility; however, the evidence is limited by high risk of bias, heterogeneity in treatment protocols, and very low certainty, particularly for longer-term outcomes. More rigorous and standardized randomized trials are required.

Background/Objectives: Ultrasound is increasingly used to guide minimally invasive interventions for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders because it enables real-time visualization of the joint, surrounding tissues, and needle position. This scoping review aimed to map and characterize the available evidence on ultrasound-guided minimally invasive interventions for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Methods: The review followed PRISMA-ScR guidelines and was registered in the Open Science Framework (osf.io/r42m5). PubMed/MEDLINE, BASE, and Europe PMC were searched up to 4 April 2026. Original clinical and technical studies evaluating ultrasound-guided minimally invasive interventions for TMDs were included. Results: Seventeen studies published between 2012 and 2026 met the eligibility criteria. Ultrasound guidance was used mainly for intra-articular injections, arthrocentesis, and botulinum toxin injections into the lateral pterygoid muscle. Most studies reported reductions in pain and improvements in jaw function. Compared with conventional approaches, several included studies reported more accurate needle placement, fewer insertion attempts, less need for needle repositioning, and shorter procedure times when ultrasound guidance was used. However, these procedural advantages did not consistently translate into superior long-term clinical outcomes. Conclusions: Overall, ultrasound-guided minimally invasive TMJ interventions appear feasible and generally safe, with their main benefit being improved visualization and procedural precision. Further standardized, high-quality studies are needed to clarify their clinical impact.