Differentiating glioma from primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) can be challenging, and current diagnostic measures such as MRI and biopsy are of limited efficacy. Liquid biopsies, which detect circulating biomarkers such as microRNAs (miRs), may provide valuable insights into diagnostic biomarkers for improved discrimination. This review aimed to investigate the role of specific miRs in diagnosing and differentiating glioma from PCNSL. A systematic search was conducted of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase for articles on liquid biopsies as a diagnostic method for glioma and PCNSL. Sixteen dysregulated miRs were identified with significantly different levels in glioma and PCNSL, including miR-21, which was the most prominent miR with higher levels in PCNSL, followed by glioma, including glioblastoma (GBM), and control groups. The lowest levels of miR-16 and miR-205 were observed in glioma, followed by PCNSL and control groups, whereas miR-15b and miR-301 were higher in both tumor groups, with the highest levels observed in glioma patients. The levels of miR-711 were higher in glioma (including GBM) and downregulated in PCNSL compared to the control group. This review suggests that using these six circulating microRNAs as liquid biomarkers with unique changing patterns could aid in better discrimination between glioma, especially GBM, and PCNSL.

Meningiomas arising from the meningeal layers are the most prevalent primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors.[1] These lesions comprise more than 35% of CNS tumors and present a complex and enigmatic challenge in the field of neurosurgery. These tumors are characterized by their slow growth, variable clinical manifestations, and intricate histopathological features. First identified by Rudolf Virchow in the 19th century, meningiomas have since been the subject of extensive research and clinical scrutiny, leading to a deeper understanding of their biology, classification, and therapeutic approaches.[2] The incidence of meningiomas is reported to be 1.8 to 13 per 100,000 persons per year, with more than 170,000 affected individuals in the United States.[4, 5] Accurate diagnosis of meningiomas relies on a combination of clinical evaluation, neuroimaging studies, and histopathological examination. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the modality of choice for the assessment of meningiomas. The therapeutic approach to meningiomas is guided by several factors, including tumor size, location, histological grade, patient age, and comorbidities, as well as the presence of symptoms and neurological deficits. Treatment modalities for meningiomas include observation, surgical resection, radiation therapy, and, rarely, systemic therapy.