Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disease characterized by increased levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). It is underdiagnosed and undertreated despite relatively high prevalance and significant association with increased mortality. We aimed to determine treatment status and compliance in patients with LDL-C ≥ 250 mg/dL and FH. Patients older than 18 years old and have a serum LDL-C ≥ 250 mg/dL between January 2010 to December 2016 were identified from the hospital database. A phone survey was performed. Demographic features, smoking status, alcohol use, exercise, cardiovascular disease (CVD), use of medication for dyslipidemia, and CVD and high cholesterol levels in the family were questioned. Dutch Lipid Clinical Network Criteria was used to classify patients. The study was registered to Clinicaltrials.gov in July 2020 (NCT04494464). 1365 patients with a LDL-C ≥ 250 mg/dL were identified. Patients that could not be reached and who refused to interview were excluded and the data of 367 patients were analyzed. There were 248 (67.6%) female and 119 (32.4%) male patients and mean age was 50.52 ± 11.66. LDL-C was ≥330 mg/dL in 50 (13.6%) and 250–329 mg/dL in 317 (86.4%) patients. Forty (10.9%) patients were classified as definite, 181 (49.3%) as probable and 146 (39.8%) as possible FH. 213 (58.0%) patients were not receiving lipid-lowering treatment, and 162 (76.1%) stated that medication was never recommended previously, 30 (14.1%) had stopped medication him/herself and 21 (9.8%) had stopped medication with the advice of the physician. Among patients with definite/probable FH, 84 (38.0%) had CVD and the rate of lipid-lowering drug use in these patients was 58.3%. A significant proportion of patients with LDL-C ≥ 250 mg/dL were not taking lipid-lowering drugs. Similar with many other studies, diagnosis, and treatment rates of FH patients were very low in our study. Further national studies are required to increase awareness of the disease in both physicians and patients.

Primary immune thrombocytopenia (pITP) is an acquired bleeding disorder related with mainly decreased number of platelets due to destruction or impaired production of platelets. Clinical presentation of pITP can be multifaceted, and thrombotic events may rarely manifest. Thrombosis can develop with treatment or during the untreated period. The primary objective of the study was to examine the frequency of arterial thromboembolism (ATE) in patients with pITP. We also aimed to evaluate the risk factors in these patients and the effect of ITP treatments on ATE. The study was designed as a retrospective, multicenter, conducted under the Turkish Society of Hematology's Scientific Subcommittee on Hemostasis-Thrombosis. Patients over the age of 18 with pITP and who subsequently developed ATE while undergoing follow-up for pITP were evaluated. A total of 2,178 patients with pITP were screened, and 37 patients (1.7%) were observed to have ATE. The mean age was 62 years. Fifteen (40.5%) of the patients who developed ATE were not receiving pITP treatment at the time of thromboembolism. The patients receiving pITP treatment at the time of ATE, 9 patients (24.3%) were receiving eltrombopag and 10 patients (27%) were receiving corticosteroids. Compared to patients who did not develop ATE, multivariate analysis revealed that presence of hypertension, comorbidity, and the history of venous thromboembolism statistically significantly increased the risk of developing ATE (p: 0.008, 0.018, 0.038). It should be noted that the risk of ATE may increase in pITP patients both during and without treatment. It is important to inquire thoroughly about the presence of comorbidities, atherosclerotic risk factors, hypertension and history of thrombosis in patients at the initiation of treatment. Correctable risk factors should be addressed to minimize the number of risk factors present. The treatment of pITP shall be individualized and incorporate age-related disorders.

Introduction: Anemia is a serious health problem affecting one-third of the world's population. The most common etiology is iron deficiency anemia (IDA). The oral iron absorption test (OIAT) is a method that has been used for a long time to demonstrate the level of iron absorption in patients, but it has not reached widespread use in clinical practice. The study aims to analyze predictive factors of iron absorption in patients with IDA. Material and methods: A total of 108 patients between the ages of 18–65 who were diagnosed with IDA were included and patients with concomitant inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, history of gastrointestinal surgery, malignancy, using iron therapy, and patients with unavailable data were excluded from the study. OIAT applied to 108 patients. Results: Female patients form the majority of the cohort (n = 100, 92.6%). OIAT was administered to 54 patients in tablet form and 54 patients in capsule form. The following study compared 88 patients with adequate oral iron absorption and 20 patients with insufficient oral iron absorption. Less iron absorption was found in male patients (p = 0.04) with increasing age, and it was statistically significant (p = 0.02). Conclusion: The result of the current study demonstrated that male gender and older age have a significant impact on iron absorption. OIAT is recommended at the time of diagnosis in elderly patients and male patients so that the underlying cause can be identified without delay in the insufficient iron absorption group. Additionally, patients with oral iron absorption disorders can be diagnosed at an early stage by applying the OIAT. Introduction: Anemia is a serious health problem affecting one-third of the world's population. The most common etiology is iron deficiency anemia (IDA). The oral iron absorption test (OIAT) is a method that has been used for a long time to demonstrate the level of iron absorption in patients, but it has not reached widespread use in clinical practice. The study aims to analyze predictive factors of iron absorption in patients with IDA. Material and methods: A total of 108 patients between the ages of 18–65 who were diagnosed with IDA were included and patients with concomitant inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, history of gastrointestinal surgery, malignancy, using iron therapy, and patients with unavailable data were excluded from the study. OIAT applied to 108 patients. Results: Female patients form the majority of the cohort (n = 100, 92.6%). OIAT was administered to 54 patients in tablet form and 54 patients in capsule form. The following study compared 88 patients with adequate oral iron absorption and 20 patients with insufficient oral iron absorption. Less iron absorption was found in male patients (p = 0.04) with increasing age, and it was statistically significant (p = 0.02). Conclusion: The result of the current study demonstrated that male gender and older age have a significant impact on iron absorption. OIAT is recommended at the time of diagnosis in elderly patients and male patients so that the underlying cause can be identified without delay in the insufficient iron absorption group. Additionally, patients with oral iron absorption disorders can be diagnosed at an early stage by applying the OIAT.