This systematic review and meta‐analysis of 23 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) encompassed an overall sample size of 2061 patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease. The objective was to assess the impact of omega‐3 fatty acids intake on lipid profiles and arterial plaque volume. Omega‐3 fatty acids supplementation significantly reduced circulating levels of triglycerides (TGs) (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.38 to −0.11) and total cholesterol (TC) (SMD = −0.12, 95% CI = −0.23 to −0.02), with no significant impact on the levels of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), or arterial plaque volume. Our omega‐3 fatty acids dose–response analysis revealed a linear relationship with TG and a “J” shaped curve for TC and LDL‐C levels. Our findings suggest that omega‐3 fatty acids intake had a positive impact on the circulating levels of TG and TC. Our findings underscore the importance of tailoring omega‐3 fatty acids dosage to individual patient needs in clinical practice. Trial Registration: PROSPERO:CRD42023486434

The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) has gained attention as an alternative indicator for assessing insulin resistance (IR). The purpose of this study was to comprehensively summarize the correlation between the TyG index and cardiovascular events in patients with coronary revascularization. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and The Cochrane Library databases were searched to find relevant literature on the prognostic assessment of TyG index in patients undergoing coronary artery revascularization. Utilize the risk ratio (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) as the standard for assessing the correlation between TyG and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients undergoing coronary artery revascularization. Conduct sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis to detect the sources of heterogeneity and assess the stability of the results. A total of 12 studies involving 9,973 participants were included. The results of the study indicate that a high TyG index was related to the major adverse cardiovascular event in patients undergoing coronary artery revascularization (RR:2.0,95%CI: 1.71-2.35, I²=76.2%, p < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis reveals that the probability of MACEs occurring in patients with high TyG index is higher than in those with low TyG index after two different coronary artery revascularization procedures: CABG group (RR:2.10, 95%CI:1.80-2.45, I2 = 20.9%, p = 0.0001). PCI group: (RR:1.94, 95%CI:1.54-2.46, I2 = 84.2%, p < 0.00001). Additionally, we also demonstrated the prognostic value of the TyG index in all-cause mortality(p = 0.003), non-fatal myocardial infarction(p = 0.003), non-fatal stroke(p < 0.0001) and repeat revascularization(p < 0.0001). Higher TyG index may be independently associated with higher incidence of MACEs in patients with coronary revascularization.

Background: Stress hyperglycemia is common during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and is associated with worse outcomes. The stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR), which standardizes acute glucose levels to chronic glycemic status, may provide superior prognostic information compared with admission glucose alone. Objective: To systematically evaluate the association between SHR and clinical outcomes in PCI patients and to quantify the exposure–response relationship. Data sources: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception to August 5, 2025. Study selection: Observational studies reporting SHR prior to PCI and subsequent clinical outcomes were included. Data extraction: Two investigators independently extracted study characteristics, SHR definitions, and adjusted effect estimates. Risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I (Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions), and certainty of evidence was evaluated with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework. Data synthesis: Thirteen studies comprising 41 096 PCI patients were included. Elevated SHR was associated with increased risks of all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), cardiovascular mortality, recurrent myocardial infarction, and stroke, but not with repeat revascularization. Sensitivity analyses yielded consistent results. The dose–response analysis suggested an approximately linear dose–response pattern between SHR and MACCE. Limitations: Most studies were observational, SHR definitions varied, and residual confounding cannot be excluded. The limited number of studies restricted the interpretability of dose–response analyses. Conclusions: Elevated SHR was associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes after PCI. The dose–response analysis suggested an approximately linear dose–response pattern between SHR and MACCE. However, these findings should be interpreted cautiously given the observational nature of the evidence and the limited number of studies for certain analyses. PROSPERO registration number: CRD420251045853.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. Several signaling pathways associated with oxidative stress, such as Nrf2, NOX and NF-κB, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of RA. Promoted reactive oxygen species cause the damage of lipids, nucleic acid and proteins, leading to RA. Given the evidence of the damage caused by oxidative stress to rheumatoid arthritis, the use of antioxidants has become a comprehensive approach for treating the disease. The natural antioxidant oleanolic acid (OA) modulates several signaling pathways connected to redox imbalance, thereby mitigating oxidative injury. Medical research has confirmed that OA has significant therapeutic potential in a variety of diseases through anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and participates in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. This article reviews the signaling pathways and antioxidant activity of OA in the pathogenesis of RA, as well as the research progress in the prevention and treatment of RA in recent years, to identify therapeutic targets and new antioxidant treatment methods for RA.