Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a zoonotic disease of great worldwide importance and can be prevented by vaccinating seronegative dogs. The objective of the present systematic review and meta‐analysis is to verify the efficacy rate of vaccines tested in dogs against CVL or L. infantum infection. We used PRISMA guidelines for this review and Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, Scielo and CABI to find studies about vaccines against CVL in dogs. Articles were analysed and grouped according to the antigens used. The risk of bias analysis was performed using SYRCLE's RoB tool and meta‐analysis using R Statistical language. The final analysis was conducted using 22 studies that assessed DNA, excreted/secreted proteins and subunit vaccines, involving a total of 92 animals, 96 animals and 78 animals, respectively. Regarding DNA vaccines, the analyses revealed non‐significant results in terms of preventing parasite presence in the organs or the onset of clinical signs. However, subunit vaccines demonstrated statistically significant results concerning parasite presence in the organs, but not when it comes to clinical signs. Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference observed in parasite burden in the organs or clinical signs for the excreted/secreted vaccines. The meta‐analysis indicated that subunit and excreted/secreted protein vaccines were significantly more effective in preventing parasites in vaccinated animals compared to both DNA‐based vaccines and control groups. Heterogeneity among studies is a limitation, emphasising the need for standardised protocols for reliable comparisons.

Visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonosis commonly caused in Brazil by the parasite Leishmania infantum. This protozoan parasite can infect several species of mammals, with dogs being the main reservoir in urban areas. Several methods are used to prevent the disease, including collars impregnated with 4% deltamethrin to prevent contact between the sandfly and the animal, and vaccines. Vaccines aim to stimulate an immune response that can effectively fight the parasite, with the Th1 immune response being the most desired. There are several research groups around the world dedicated to testing new immunogens against Leishmania spp. and there are currently two commercially available vaccines used to prevent the disease, Neoleish^® and Leti-Fend^®. Leish-Tec^®, a vaccine previously licensed for use in dogs in Brazil, was suspended in May 2023 due to non-compliance in some batches. This also happened with CaniLeish^®, which was discontinued by the European Commission in October 2023. These vaccines have different characteristics that influence their use as a public health measure, and therefore the objective of this review is to describe these immunogens, their characteristics, and their use as a collective prevention measure for canine visceral leishmaniasis.

This study aimed to report the prevalence of diseases in foals, patients at the Hospital Veterinário de Grandes Animais, Universidade Federal de Lavras (HVGA-UFLA), and its association with deaths and possible failures in the transfer of passive immunity (FTIP) via colostrum. Data were obtained from clinical records of horses aged between 0 and 3 months, admitted to the HVGA between January/2014 and December/2018. Descriptive analyzes of the diseases and organ systems affected were performed, as well as univariate analyzes with chi-square or Fisher's exact tests, identifying possible associations between FTIP, infectious diseases and other factors. No significant relationships were found between FTIP and infectious disease, meconium retention, sepsis, or death. However, it was shown that animals weighing between 10 and 30kg were 29.333 times more likely (95% confidence interval 1.734 - 505.951) to die than those weighing between 30.1 and 130kg. Therefore, it can be concluded that low weight is a very relevant risk factor, which may be related to the failure of postural reflexes and, consequently, to the inability to ingest colostrum, impairing the ability to respond to infectious agents.

A pandemia causada pelo SARS-CoV-2, cuja doença foi nomeada pela OMS como doença coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19), transformou a sociedade, pois foram adotadas medidas de biossegurança para evitar a disseminação desse vírus na população. Dentro dessas medidas, o isolamento social, teve o maior impacto na percepção e no bem-estar das pessoas. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um inquérito psicossocial associado à saúde mental e física da população brasileira durante o período de isolamento social proposto pelas autoridades sanitárias. O estudo foi realizado por meio de questionário virtual e o público-alvo deste trabalho corresponde a indivíduos de nacionalidade brasileira, com idade superior a dezoito anos, que se dispõem a participar voluntariamente do estudo, sem outros critérios de inclusão ou exclusão. Os dados foram coletados, organizados e analisados ​​em planilhas elaboradas em programa de computador Microsoft Excel® (Microsoft, EUA) e plataforma Google Forms (Google LCC, EUA), que fornecia o número de respostas e os percentuais de cada alternativa, para cada questão. A média de cada resposta foi comparada estatisticamente por meio do teste ANOVA de uma via seguida do teste post-hoc de Tukey (α <0,05), por meio do software Graph Pad Prism versão 7:00 (GraphPad Software, EUA). O teste de correlação de variáveis ​​também foi realizado. Com isso, foi possível compreender as consequências que o período de isolamento social causou aos brasileiros, como aumento do desemprego, novas habilidades para geração de renda, aumento do sedentarismo, aumento do entretenimento virtual e maior interação entre pessoas e animais de companhia. Este estudo permitiu compreender como as pessoas se adaptam e se transformam para passar por um momento adverso e, com isso, é possível direcionar ações para prevenir ou mitigar o comprometimento da saúde das pessoas em pandemias.