Background: Anemia is a frequently reported and commonly documented issue in intensive care units. In surgical intensive care units, more than 90% of patients are found to be anemic. It is a hematologic factor that contributes to extended mechanical ventilation, sepsis, organ failure, longer hospitalizations in critical care units, and higher mortality. Thus, this study aimed to determine the incidence and identify factors associated with anemia in elective surgical patients admitted to the surgical intensive care unit. Methods: A retrospective follow-up study involving 422 hospitalized patients was carried out between December 2019 and December 2022 in the surgical intensive care unit after elective surgery at Tikur-Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data were gathered from the patients’ charts, and study participants were chosen using methods of systematic random sampling. SPSS 26 (the statistical software for social science, version 26) was used to analyze the data. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression were used to examine associations between variables. Results: The incidence of anemia in elective surgical patients admitted to the intensive care unit was 69.9% (95% CI 65.4–74.5%). American Society of Anesthesiologists’ class III (ASA III) [AOR: 8.53, 95% CI 1.92–13.8], renal failure [AOR:2.53, 95% CI (1.91–5.81)], malignancy [AOR: 2.59, 95% CI (1.31–5.09)], thoracic surgery [AOR: 4.07, 95% CI (2.11–7.87)], urologic surgery [AOR: 6.22, 95% CI (2.80–13.80)], and neurosurgery [AOR: 4.51, 95% CI (2.53–8.03)] were significantly associated with anemia in surgical patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Conclusion: More than two-thirds of the intensive care unit-admitted surgical patients experienced anemia. An American Society of Anesthesiologists’ (ASA III score), renal failure, malignancy, thoracic surgery, urologic surgery, and neurosurgery were significantly associated with this condition. Early identification helps to institute preventive and therapeutic measures.

Elderly surgical patients frequently experience anemia due to physiological changes, chronic comorbidities, and dietary deficiencies. Identifying associated risk factors is essential for improving surgical outcomes and reducing complications. To assess the incidence and determinants of anemia in elderly surgical patients at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Ethiopia. A prospective observational study was conducted from June 1, 2024, to February 30, 2025, involving elderly patients undergoing surgery at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Anemia was diagnosed based on World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, with hemoglobin levels assessed both preoperatively and postoperatively. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze patient demographics, comorbidities, and surgical factors to identify predictors of anemia. The incidence of anemia among elderly surgical patients was 64.8% (95% CI: 59.5–70.4%). Significant predictors included emergency surgery (AOR: 5.3, 95% CI: 3.2–8.3, p < 0.001), preexisting comorbidities (AOR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.52–7.02, p < 0.001), blood loss > 500 mL (AOR: 9.8, 95% CI: 3.2–29.6, p < 0.001), polypharmacy (AOR: 4.8, 95% CI: 1.3–11.9, p < 0.001), major surgery (AOR: 3.9, 95% CI: 1.71–7.81, p < 0.001), and a history of previous surgeries (AOR: 7.7, 95% CI: 2.3–26.0, p < 0.001). The incidence of anemia in elderly surgical patients at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital is high and associated with several modifiable risk factors. Early detection and targeted preoperative optimization strategies are crucial for improving surgical outcomes in this population.

Background: Rebound pain (RP) is an acute, burning, or dull‐aching type of pain that occurs following the resolution of regional anesthesia. It is a common but understudied problem in orthopedic patients undergoing surgery under regional anesthesia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of RP severity in patients undergoing orthopedic surgeries. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted involving 364 patients who underwent orthopedic surgery and received regional anesthesia. To determine factors associated with the severity of RP, bivariable and multivariable ordinal logistic regression analyses were conducted. Both crude and adjusted odds ratios with their corresponding 95% confidence interval were calculated to determine the strength of association. Result: The prevalence of RP after resolution of regional anesthesia was 70.9% (95% CI: 65.9–75.5). Among all participants, 30.2% experienced mild RP, 19.2% had moderate pain, and 21.4% reported severe RP. Age less than 60 years (AOR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.38–3.95, and p : 0.001), ASA physical status III or above (AOR: 5.84, 95% CI: 2.17–15.69, and p < 0.001), and having moderate (AOR: 2.86, 95% CI: 1.21–6.78, and p : 0.017) and severe (AOR: 7.48, 95% CI: 4.09–13.68, and p < 0.001) preoperative pain were significantly associated with increased odds of RP. In contrast, premedication with intravenous dexamethasone (AOR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.14–0.43, and p < 0.001) and using local anesthetic adjuvants (AOR: 0.05, 95% CI: 0.02–0.11, and p < 0.001) were significantly associated with reduced odds of severe RP. Conclusion: Our study found a high incidence of RP following the resolution of regional anesthesia in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. To reduce its incidence and severity, it is essential to effectively manage and alleviate preoperative pain, incorporate local anesthetic adjuvants into nerve block solutions, utilize intravenous dexamethasone, and incorporate multimodal analgesia before the resolution of regional anesthesia.

Background Postoperative ileus (POI) is a common consequence following abdominal surgeries; however, its incidence and risk factors in non-abdominal procedures remain unknown. Identifying clinical indicators of POI in this population is essential for early detection and treatment. Objective This study aims to assess the incidence and determinants of postoperative ileus (POI) in patients undergoing non-abdominal surgeries at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted between September 1, 2024, and January 30, 2025. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, surgical details, and perioperative parameters were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27, with continuous and categorical variables summarized using descriptive statistics. Independent predictors of postoperative ileus (POI) were identified through bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results Among the 400 patients who underwent elective non-abdominal surgery, 31 (7.75%) developed postoperative ileus (POI). Significant predictors included opioid use (OR = 3.28 [95% CI, 2.25–7.12], P < 0.01), neuromuscular blockers (OR = 2.33 [95% CI, 2.01–5.12], P < 0.01), poor postoperative functional status (OR = 5.67 [95% CI, 3.41–8.91], P < 0.01), and delayed postoperative mobility (OR = 4.45 [95% CI, 2.05–8.17], P < 0.01). Recommendation and conclusion POI occurs in a significant proportion of patients undergoing non-abdominal surgery. Implementing targeted perioperative strategies may reduce the incidence of POI and enhance postoperative outcomes.

This multicenter retrospective study identifies the major risk factors associated with the development of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) and examines its incidence among patients in the surgical intensive care unit. The study involved adult patients (aged 18 years and older) who were admitted to surgical intensive care units (SICUs) after major surgical procedures. Data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 27, and tables and figures were utilized to present the results. The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in surgical intensive care units (SICUs) was 53.4% (95% CI: 48.4%–58.4%). AKI was significantly associated with several factors, including sepsis (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 8.2, 95% CI: 5.3–12.3), trauma (AOR: 4.8, 95% CI: 3.4–7.7), chronic kidney disease (AOR: 3.3, 95% CI: 2.1–4.8), diabetes mellitus (AOR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1–4.2), blood transfusion (AOR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.5–7.3), and emergency surgery (AOR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.8–4.9). Patients hospitalized in surgical intensive care units have a significant rate of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI). Conditions such as sepsis, trauma, pre-existing chronic renal disease, diabetes mellitus, receiving blood transfusions, and undergoing emergency surgery are independently associated with an increased risk of AKI. To reduce the burden of AKI and improve patient outcomes, early detection and targeted preventative strategies are crucial for high-risk populations in surgical intensive care units.

Background: Agitation is a common and clinically significant phenomenon among patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs), particularly those receiving mechanical ventilation or experiencing critical illness. Previous studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the prevalence and predictors of agitation in intensive care units. Aim: To assess the pooled prevalence and associated factors of agitation among adults in the intensive care unit. Study Design: A systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted. The review protocol has been registered in the Prospero database under registration number CRD420251022240, following PRISMA guidelines. Results: This systematic review and meta‐analysis included 10 studies. The pooled prevalence of agitation in the intensive care unit was 55.65% (95% CI: 40.07, 71.24). The pooled analysis revealed a significant association between hyperthermia (≥ 37.5°C) and the prevalence of agitation in adult patients in the intensive care unit. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for hyperthermia was 3.24 (95% CI: 1.51–4.91, p < 0.0002). Conclusion: This meta‐analysis highlights the significant burden of agitation among adult patients in intensive care units, revealing that over half of critically ill individuals experience agitation during their ICU stay. Among the various contributing factors examined, elevated body temperature emerged as the only one with a statistically significant association with agitation. Relevance to Clinical Practice: This study underscores the importance of vigilant temperature monitoring and timely management of fever in ICU patients. Hyperthermia was found to be associated with a higher likelihood of agitation, although a direct causal relationship cannot be established from the available data. Maintaining normothermia remains a reasonable clinical goal that may contribute to overall patient stability. Implementing structured temperature control protocols as part of routine ICU care could help reduce agitation‐related complications such as unplanned extubation, increased sedation needs and prolonged ICU stays, thereby supporting improved patient safety and outcomes.