This study aims to address the low cleaning efficiency (73.12%) and high cotton loss rate (12.50%) of existing stripper-and-stick cleaners when processing machine-harvested long-staple cotton. Based on the material characteristics of Xinjiang long-staple cotton, a novel impurity removal device was designed specifically for its cleaning. A mechanical model of cotton–impurity interaction was established to guide the design of U-shaped saw cylinder parameters. Static analyses conducted via Ansys Workbench revealed that both straight and arc-shaped sawteeth exhibited negligible deformations (≤4.73 × 10⁻⁴ mm) and von Mises stresses (≤9.52 MPa), meeting the practical operational requirements. Through orthogonal experiments (sawtooth type, linear velocity, and feed speed), the optimal operating parameters were determined as arc-shaped sawteeth, 7.5 m/s linear velocity, and 11 t/h feed speed. Prototype testing demonstrated that under these parameters, the impurity removal device achieved an average cleaning efficiency of 82.42% (a 9.30% improvement over conventional devices) and an average cotton loss rate of 8.34% (a 4.16% reduction compared to conventional devices). This study provides a valuable reference for the design and optimization of stripper-and-stick cleaners specifically tailored for machine-harvested long-staple cotton.

The frame of the six-row self-propelled packaging cotton picker serves as the primary load-bearing structure. During operation, the frame is subjected to multiple vibration signals, which are further intensified by coupling effects. These vibrations negatively impact the machine’s operational stability and overall performance. In this study, vibration source tests were designed to collect dynamic response data, enabling systematic analysis of excitation mechanisms and vibration characteristics. Furthermore, a comprehensive analytical approach integrating finite element simulation with experimental analysis was employed to optimize the layout of the vibration sources on the frame. Finally, the frame was validated through modal testing, with multiple measurement points arranged at the interfaces between the frame and the vibration source for vibration tests and time–frequency domain analysis. The results indicate that the final optimized dimensional parameters of the frame were determined as follows: X1 = 1575 mm, X2 = 805 mm, and X3 = 275 mm. Furthermore, time–frequency domain analysis reveals that the natural frequency of the rack designed in this study is effectively separated from the dominant excitation frequency band. This design feature successfully mitigates the risk of resonance, thereby fulfilling the intended performance objectives.