The purpose of this study was to determine the functional potential of various types of personal meaning of the profession. The article describes the results of an empirical study that involved a sample of 647 subjects. As methods of mathematical-statistical processing were used: the Pearson correlation criterion, one-way analysis of variance, followed by post hoc comparison of the mean values of groups by the Scheffe method, the criterion GT-Vegeliusa. The analysis made it possible to identify the optimal, suboptimal and pessimistic personal meaning of the profession from the point of view of its regulatory functions.

Introduction. The article presents the results of theoretical and empirical analysis of the role and significance of children in the context of individual life, personal development, and adults’ psychological well-being. It argues that children exert an influence on daily lives and well-being of adults, both as an objective life circumstance and as active co-agents in the life process. Materials and Methods. The hypothesis concerning the relationship between the personal meaning of a child and the psychological well-being of an adult was tested through empirical studies. The studies involved three participant groups: parents (N = 1965), infertility patients (N = 165), and pedagogical professionals (N = 240). The personal meaning of a child was assessed using the Value of Children Scale and the Semantic Psychobiographic Analysis. The psychological well-being of adults performing parental functions was measured using a variety of scales, including the Life Satisfaction Scale, the Subjective Happiness Scale, the Concise Meaning-of-Life Crisis Questionnaire, the Positive and Negative Affect Scale, the Parental Stress Scale, the Parental Burnout Questionnaire, the Parental Self-Attitude Questionnaire, and the Diagnosis of Activity Experiences. For infertility patients, the Infertility Management Scale was used, while the psychological well-being of pedagogical professionals was measured using the Satisfaction with Career Scale, the Experiences in Vocational Activity Questionnaire, and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Results. The personal meaning of a child for an adult serves as a valid empirical marker of the strength and direction of its impact on psychological well-being. Distinct psychological types of personal meaning highlight the specific roles children play in the lives of adults. A positive meaning indicates that a child is a condition for adult psychological well-being, while a negative meaning reflects that a child contributes to psychological distress in areas such as reproduction, parenthood, and professional pedagogical work. Conclusions. The findings suggest that children are active co-subjects of life and significant agents in the psychological well-being of adults. Введение. Представлены результаты теоретико-эмпирического анализа места и роли ребенка в контексте индивидуальной жизнедеятельности, личностного развития и функционирования, а также психологического благополучия взрослого. Формой психического отражения объективных детерминационных связей, в которых ребенок находится к процессу и результатам реализации личностных интенций взрослого, выступает личностный смысл ребенка для взрослого. Основываясь на том, что психологическое благополучие-неблагополучие производно от прогресса практической реализации личностно значимых интенций, этот личностный смысл рассматривается как субъективный индикатор воздействия ребенка на благополучие взрослого. Материалы и методы. Общая гипотеза о взаимосвязи личностного смысла ребенка с психологическим благополучием взрослого тестировалась в цикле эмпирических исследований, охвативших родительскую (взрослые люди, воспитывающие ребенка/детей, N = 1965), клиническую (пациенты репродуктологического профиля с диагностированным бесплодием, N = 165) и профессиональную (специалисты педономического труда, N = 240) выборки. Диагностика личностного смысла ребенка осуществлялась методиками «Шкала ценностного отношения к детям» и «Смыслометрический психобиографический анализ». Психологическое благополучие взрослых, выполняющих родительские функции, оценивалось «Шкалой удовлетворенности жизнью», «Шкалой субъективного счастья», «Кратким опросником смысложизненного кризиса», «Шкалой позитивного и негативного аффекта», «Шкалой родительского стресса», «Опросником родительского выгорания», «Опросником родительского самоотношения», методикой «Диагностика переживаний в деятельности». Психологическое благополучие взрослых, проходящих лечение от бесплодия, определялось на основе «Шкалы совладания с бесплодием». Психологическое благополучие работников педономического труда измерялось посредством «Шкалы удовлетворенности карьерой», «Опросника переживаний в профессиональной деятельности», «Утрехтской шкалы увлеченности работой»....

The article presents the results of a theoretical and empirical study of the psychological factors of refusal from preventive vaccinations against COVID-19 during an active campaign for mass vaccination of the population of Belarus. Among these factors, the individual characteristics of the subjective perception of the likelihood of infection, the severity of the course and consequences of coronavirus infection, as well as the effectiveness and safety of anticovid vaccination were considered; general attitudes in the field of vaccination and health care; and value attitudes towards health and life. The prevalence of the main categories of vaccination behavior — pro- and antivaccinational — was determined in the Belarusian population sample; the peculiarities of the cognitive assessment of COVID-19 and anticovid vaccination inherent in Belarusians, as well as their meaning-related determinants, were revealed; psychological differences between people with different directions of vaccination behavior are revealed; identified psychological predictors of antivaccination behavior. The empirical study was conducted on a representative population sample of residents of the Republic of Belarus (N=582, aged from 18 to 49 years, 178 men and 404 women), using questionnaire methods, as well as standardized personality questionnaires: “Scale of Basic Value”, “Scale of Healthcare Attitudes”, “Scale of Antivaccination Attitudes”. The results of the study indicate that generalized and nonspecific factors prevail in the regulation of the antivaccination behavior of Belarusians in the context of the coronavirus pandemic, which are associated with personal comprehension and cognitive assessment not so much of a new type of coronavirus infection and anti-vaccines offered to the population, but of the national healthcare system in general and vaccination as such. In this case, the leading factors and predictors of anti-vaccination behavior of Belarusians are general negative attitudes — anti-vaccination, anti-drug and anti-bureaucratic attitudes. In the course of the study, psychometrically developed and validated the original Russian-language “Scale of Antivaccination Attitudes”, designed to change the generalized negative-evaluative (skeptical-distrustful) attitude of the subject to vaccines and vaccination in general. The results obtained indicate the compliance of its measuring properties with conventional psychometric standards.

Objectives. To reveal how the subject in sociological and psychological studies of the family and parenthood change depending on sociocultural context. Background. According to social constructivism, all ideas are not determined by the biological foundations of human interaction, but are products of social and cultural construction. That is why the concepts of partnership and family relations in recent decades have been seriously revised. We can see the evolution of approaches in formulation of hypotheses and interpretation of results in studies of partnerships and family relations, attitudes toward parenthood, expected family size, etc. As we show in the article, currently prevailing social ideas about the conditional norm of gender behavior and relationships influence these formulations. Understanding this influence is very important for critical reflection of the relationship between social processes and the focus of research. This reflection acts as a tool to increase the validity of the results and their interpretation, especially in studies carried out in line with the qualitative and mixed methodology. Methodology. The paper includes a substantive (thematic) and quantitative analysis of the subject of sociological and psychological research, as well as a comparative analysis of the dynamics of the subject and sociocultural context in different periods of research. Conclusions. The article shows that objective social processes are reflected in the predominance of certain research topics and theoretical frameworks in interpretation of the obtained data. Reflection of the social context of research is a necessary procedure to increase the validity of the results and allows to create a basis for building prognostic models.