A method has been developed for the synthesis of granular polymeric materials with immobilized N-chloro-sulfonamide groups. Commercially available resin polymers widely applied for the preparation of ion exchangers have been used as polymer carriers. The elaborated technological conditions make it possible to modify these resins with a high conversion degree, without deteriorating the strength characteristics, and with the possibility of regulating the concentration of active chlorine over a wide range (up to 11 % w/w). The structure of the synthesized polymers was confirmed by IR spectroscopy data. To determine the concentration of functional groups, a special method of iodometric titration has been developed. The processes of emission of active chlorine from synthesized polymers into aqueous solutions have been studied. It has been shown that this process significantly depends on the composition of the solution: no release of active chlorine into distilled water is observed, and when using tap water, its concentration is reached 5–8 mg/dm3 and remains up to 30 days when the granules are in water. The processes of activation of active chlorine emission by compounds of amine nature have been studied, the corresponding kinetic curves of the dependence between change in the concentration of active chlorine in solution and the used activator are presented. It has been found that the nature of the used activator strongly affects, among other things, the stability of the obtained chlorine-active solutions. Taurine and sulfamic acid are found to be the optimal activators for obtaining stable solutions of active chlorine of high concentration. The composition of the N-chloro-taurin solution obtained in this way has been additionally analyzed by UV spectroscopy. Thus, the synthesized polymers make it possible to quickly in situ obtain high-purity solutions of active chlorine without the use of special electrochemical equipment. The polymers themselves are compact, stable, and can be repeatedly regenerated

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in spatial memory and catalase activity in dynamics in the blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI). The experiment was carried out on 67 albino male Wistar rats, which were randomly divided into three groups: I group – experimental (n=34), animals were subjected to inhalation anesthesia with halothane, fixed and was simulated blast-induced traumatic brain injury was simulated by generating a shock wave with an overpressure of 26.4±3.6 kPa, II group – sham (n=34), animals which were subjected only to inhalation anesthesia and fixation and III group – intact (n=34). After the study of behavior, euthanasia was performed, blood and brain were taken shelter. Histopathological examination of the brain showed disturbances both of hippocampal neurons and microcirculature. In the dynamics of the post-traumatic period of mild bTBI there was observed a significant (p<0.01) impairment of rats spatial memory in the experimental group, which was established as a prolongation of latent time of the search in the Barnes maze: by 39% – on day 1, by 76% – on day 3, by 65% – on day 7 and by 61% – on day 14 of the study. The analysis of catalase activity revealed a significant decrease of this enzyme activity in blood plasma of the rats in the experimental group in comparison with rats of sham and intact groups: on day 1 – by 35% (p<0.01), on day 3 – by 27% (p<0.01) and by 12% on day 7 of the post-traumatic period (p<0.05), which indicates the involvement of catalase in the reaction of hydrogen peroxide inactivation. Correlation analysis between spatial memory and catalase activity in experimental rats showed a negative relationship of medium degree on day 1 (r=-0.3, p<0.01) and a negative relationship (r=-0.2, p<0.01) of weak degree on day 3 of post-traumatic period, indicating increased formation of free radicals during this period. One-way analysis of variance showed a significant (H1, p<0.01) effect of changes in the catalase activity of rat blood plasma on the state of spatial memory in the Barnes maze during 14 days of the post-traumatic period. It was established that oxidative stress is an important link in pathogenesis of the spatial memory disorders in animals with mild bTBI in the first week of the post-traumatic period.

Chronic diffuse liver diseases are characterized by continuous progression of fibrosis, ultimately leading to cirrhosis with the following loss of the normal functioning of this organ due to excessive accumulation of the components of extracellular matrix. To find new, more available diagnostic markers of detecting disorders in the liver, we used methods of antifungal cytofluorometry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Intensity of exposure of fibronectin and plasmatic membrane of lymphocytes in the group of patients with chronic diffuse diseases compared with the control group of practically healthy donors decreased both inside and on the surface of the cells respectively by 45.3% and 16.2%. Similar tendency towards decrease was observed during the assays of the level of the exposure of fibronectin on the surface and inside the blood granulocytes: by 25.0% and 36.5%, respectively. In the blood of the patients suffering from chronic diffuse diseases, compared with the control group, there was determined reliable increase in percentage of lymphocytes and granulocytes which contain topical fibronectin, by 32.3% and 2.78 times, correspondingly. The level of monocytes (as a percentage) with cell-associated fibronectin and fibronectin localized inside, by contrast, reliably decreased in 2.07 and 4.50 times, respectively. Analysis of the expression of FN1 in lymphocytes of blood of the studied groups using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed decrease in the level of FN1 mRNA expression by 34.0% in the group of ill patients compared with the control group. We determined excellent diagnostic informativeness of the parameters of the level of exposure of fibronectin inside and on the surface of granulocytes and prognostic accuracy of the classifier from these parameters at the level of 100% using the method of support vector machine, SVM. High levels of diagnostic informativeness were recorded for the tests of all types of analyzed leukocytes with cell-associated fibronectin, and the classifiers based on the pair combinations of the tests with cell-associated fibronectin and fibronectin localized within the cells provide high diagnostic accuracy of the prognosis. Because the mentioned indicators are highly-sensitive tests, they can be proposed for early diagnostics and evaluation of the effectiveness of the conducted therapy of chronic diffuse liver diseases, which would allow reducing the use of paracentetic trepanobiopsy, a painful and risky procedure, which still remains the main type of diagnostic.

The disinfection of air in premises, especially in the presence of people, is an important element of the system for the prevention of infectious diseases. A promising solution for this is to fill the premises with an antimicrobial chemical agent that would quickly neutralize pathogens directly at the moment they enter the air. It is advisable to use hypochlorous acid HOCl as such an agent. But traditional methods of administering HOCl into the air by aerosolizing its solutions may be accompanied by a number of risks that can be prevented by using gaseous HOCl. Therefore, it is relevant to develop evaporation devices that would take into account the specifics of chlorine-active compounds and determine the influence of various factors on the release of gaseous HOCl from them into the air being treated. During the study, a design of a device was developed in which the transfer of HOCl into the air is carried out by contact of the latter with a foamed working solution of sodium hypochlorite NaOCl. The HOCl concentration in the treated air mainly depends on its concentration in the working solution, which, in turn, is determined by the pH of the solution and the total content of free chlorine in it. Additionally, the influence of the air and working solution temperatures, the volume of the working solution, the power of air flows and other technological factors on the air HOCl concentration was studied. When using an electrochemically generated approx. 1000 mg/l NaOCl solution with pH 8.50–8.60 at 20 °C, it is possible to maintain the total chlorine concentration in the air flow with a capacity of 50 m3/h at a level of about 0.30 mg/m3 for a long time. Simple design, multifunctionality and the fundamental possibility of combining the processes of electrochemical synthesis of HOCl and its immediate administering into the air open up broad prospects for using the developed installations for continuous disinfection of premises

The effects of the Aronia melanocarpa extract on mitochondrial creatine kinase isoenzyme of the old rats heart under stress were studied. The research was performed on 30 male rats of the Wistar line. For expiriment were used old (22–25 months) animals. It was established, that the injection of the extract (Aronia melanocarpa) at a dose of 0.2 g/kg 60 minutes before the immobilization has limited sensitivity of the heart muscle’s CPK-MT to damaging stress factors (reduced medium pH, increased medium tonicity, increased concentration of calcium, activated free radical processes), and helps the normalization of its kinetic properties, has an influence on the myocardium’s kinetic supply. Thus, the extract of Aronia melanocarpa increases the myocardial resistance to the injury effect of stress.

Background/Objectives: Liver disease is one of the most common medical problems in the world. The pharmacological correction of these pathologies includes the use of drugs with antioxidant and hepatoprotective action, among which there are natural and synthetic sulfur-containing compounds. However, many of these drugs have side effects, and their application does not always correspond to approaches in evidence-based medicine. Therefore, today the urgent problem is the search for new effective substances with high metabolitotropic properties and high safety criteria. The aim of this work was an in-depth study of the hepatoprotective and antioxidant action of a new investigational pteridine-containing “lead-compound” (DCTP) under conditions of experimental tetrachloromethane hepatitis in rats in comparison with the reference drug “Thiotriazoline”. Methods: The hepatoprotective effect of the compound was studied using a model of acute tetrachloromethane (CCl₄) hepatitis in adult male Wistar rats. The levels of biochemical liver damage markers were estimated with spectrophotometric methods. Histological and immunohistochemical methods were used for the determination of hepatocyte damage. The statistical processing of data was performed using the nonparametric Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney method. Results: The results of the studies showed that DCTP was superior to the reference drug Thiotriazoline in terms of its effect on the levels of AST, DC, Schiff bases, and carbonylated proteins, which are markers of oxidative (Nrf2) and inflammatory (Lipocalin-2) stress, as well as its effect on animal survival. The results were confirmed by histological examination data, which showed regeneration of the hepatocyte membrane structure; a reduction in infiltrative, destructive, and inflammatory process in the liver; a reduction in the cytolytic process; stabilization; and an increase in the functional activity of the liver due to the administration of the study drug. The pharmacological effects of the studied compound (DCTP) are probably associated with its structural similarity to tetrahydrofolic acid, which is an integral component of oxidation–reduction processes and a participant in the biosynthesis of nitrogenous bases of nucleotides and amino acids. The obtained data show the antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of the studied “lead-compound” from the pteridinethione group (DCTP). Conclusions: It was shown that the studied substance DCTP significantly reduces acute hepatotoxic effects caused by CCl₄, as evidenced by the decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation and prooxidant markers, the normalization of liver biochemical markers, the regeneration of the liver architecture, the limitation of inflammatory effects, the decrease in Nrf2 and Lipocalin-2 markers, and the induction of liver antioxidant enzymes.