Despite significant advancements in roll stability control for individual vehicle types, comparative research across on-road and off-road vehicles remains limited, hindering cross-disciplinary innovation. This study bridges this gap by systematically analyzing roll stability control in both vehicle categories, focusing on theoretical foundations, key technologies, and experimental validation methods. On-road vehicles rely on mature technologies like active suspension, braking, and steering, which enhance safety through sensor monitoring, rollover prediction, and integrated stability control. Validation is primarily performed through hardware-in-the-loop simulations and on-road testing. Off-road vehicles, operating in more complex environments with dynamic load changes and rugged terrain, emphasize adaptive leveling, direct torque control, and active steering. Their stability control strategies must also account for terrain irregularities, real-time load shifts, and extreme slopes, validated through scaled-model tests and field trials. Comparative analysis reveals that while both vehicle types face similar challenges, their control strategies differ significantly: on-road vehicles focus on handling and high-speed stability, while off-road vehicles require more robust, adaptive mechanisms to manage environmental uncertainties. Future research should explore multi-system collaborative control, such as integrating active suspension with intelligent terrain perception, to improve adaptability and robustness across both vehicle categories. Furthermore, the integration of machine learning and advanced predictive algorithms promises to enhance the intelligence and versatility of roll stability control systems.

Methanol steam reforming (MSR) represents a highly promising pathway for sustainable hydrogen production due to its favorable hydrogen-to-carbon ratio and relatively low operating temperatures. The performance of the MSR process is strongly dependent on the selection and rational design of catalysts, which govern methanol conversion, hydrogen selectivity, and the suppression of undesired side reactions such as carbon monoxide formation. Moreover, advancements in reactor configuration and thermal management strategies play a vital role in minimizing heat loss and enhancing heat and mass transfer efficiency. Effective carbon monoxide removal technologies are indispensable for obtaining high-purity hydrogen, particularly for applications sensitive to CO contamination. This review systematically summarizes recent progress in catalyst development, reactor design, and gas purification technologies for MSR. In addition, the key technical challenges and potential future directions of the MSR process are critically discussed. The insights provided herein are expected to contribute to the development of more efficient, stable, and scalable MSR-based hydrogen production systems.

The energy crisis and environmental pollution have driven the rapid development of new energy vehicles (NEVs). As a core technology for integrating electrification and intelligence in NEVs, the brake-by-wire (BBW) system has become a research hotspot due to its excellent braking energy recovery efficiency and precise active safety control performance. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the research progress in BBW technology for NEVs and provides a forward-looking perspective on its future development. First, the types and structures of the BBW system are introduced, and the development history and representative products are systematically reviewed. Next, this paper focuses on key technologies, such as the design and modeling methods of the BBW system, braking force optimization and distribution strategies, precise actuator control, multi-system coordination, driver operation perception, intelligent decision-making, personalized control, and fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control. Finally, the main challenges faced in the research of BBW technology for NEVs are analyzed, and future development directions are proposed, providing insights for the optimization designs and industrial application of the BBW system in the future.

This paper conducts an in-depth study on anti-lock braking technology in electronic hydraulic braking systems, focusing on a road-surface recognition algorithm based on fitted curves and a slip-rate control method based on sliding-mode variable structure. Firstly, a road-surface recognition algorithm using fitted curves is proposed, which extracts characteristic information by fitting the μ-λ curve, achieving the accurate identification of different road-surface conditions and providing optimal slip rates for subsequent braking control. Secondly, a slip-rate control strategy based on sliding-mode variable structure is designed to achieve optimal slip-rate control during vehicle braking, ensuring braking stability and safety under varying road conditions. Through theoretical analysis and simulation experiments, the results show that the proposed road-surface recognition algorithm can effectively identify various typical road surfaces (such as dry, wet, and icy/snowy surfaces) with high accuracy. The sliding-mode variable-structure control strategy can achieve good slip-rate control under different road conditions, effectively improving vehicle braking performance. This study provides an efficient and reliable technical solution for anti-lock braking control in electronic hydraulic braking systems, with significant theoretical and practical implications for enhancing vehicle braking safety.

Thermoelectric generator (TEG) has emerged as a critical technology for automotive exhaust energy recovery, yet there is still a lack of reviews analyzing automotive TEG structure design and optimization methods simultaneously. Therefore, this review consolidates structure design and methods for improving thermoelectric conversion efficiency, focusing on three core components: thermoelectric module (TEM), heat exchanger (HEX), and heat sink (HSK). For TEM, research and development efforts have primarily centered on material innovation and structural optimization, with segmented, non-segmented, and multi-stage configurations emerging as the three primary structural types. HEX development spans external geometries, including plate, polygonal, and annular designs, and internal enhancements such as fin, heat pipe, metal foam, and baffle to augment heat transfer. HSK leverages active, passive, or hybrid cooling systems, with water-cooling designs prevalent in automotive TEG for cold-side thermal management. Optimization methods encompass theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, experimental testing, and hybrid methods, with strategies devised to balance computational efficiency and accuracy based on system complexity and resource availability. This review provides a systematic framework to guide the design and optimization of automotive TEG.