Background: The demographical and geographical distributions of health resources are important aspects of healthcare access. Few studies have been published on health resource allocation in TCM hospitals in China despite public equity concerns. Methods: This article uses the Gini coefficient and agglomeration degree to analyze the health resources of TCM hospitals in China according to demographic and geographic configuration conditions in order to study the equity of the health resources of TCM from 2009 to 2018. Results: From 2009 to 2018, all regions of the TCM health resources per ten thousand people and per ten thousand square kilometers showed overall upward trends. The overall equity of the health resource allocations of TCM hospitals in China tended to improve year by year. However, there were still great differences among regions. Generally, the equity of physical resource allocation was better than the equity of human resource allocation. Additionally, the equity of health resources in TCM hospitals allocated by population was better than it was by geographic region. Conclusions: It is necessary to further optimize the structure of TCM resource allocation, and enhance the equity of resource allocation among different regions.

In the past decade, the number of long-term care (LTC) services for older adults in China has grown annually by an average of 10%. Older adults, their family members, and policymakers in China are concerned about patient outcomes in different care settings because older adults who have a similar functional status and LTC needs may choose either nursing home care or home care. The aim of this study was to compare pain perception in nursing home care and home care settings for physically dependent older adults in China. Multi-stage sampling method was used to recruit respondents aged 65 and older from Yichang City, China, in 2015. The researchers employed a two-step analytical strategy—zero-inflated ordered probit regression followed by propensity score matching method—to model the effect of contrasting residence types on pain perception. Zero-inflated ordered probit regression analysis with participants unmatched (n = 484) showed that compared with older adults who received home care, those who received nursing home care did not have more severe pain (β = 0.088, SE = 0.196, p = 0.655). After propensity-score matching, the research found that older adults in the home care group perceived less pain compared with the nursing home group (β = 0.489, SE = 0.169, p = 0.004). The older adults who received home care perceived significantly less pain than the nursing home residents. The pain of older adults may differ based on the type of LTC services and therapy intensity they received, and home care might lead to less pain and better comfort than nursing home care.

Background: ACEs hurt subsequent physical and mental health outcomes. However, still little has been known about the rate of ACEs among rural Chinese emerging adults and the different buffering effects of the three types of social support on different kinds of ACEs. This study described the rate of ACEs among Chinese rural emerging adults, examined the relationship between ACEs and deviant behaviors, and tested the moderating effect of three different sources of perceived social support on this relationship. We hope these results will be helpful in further interventions. Methods: We used the second wave of a longitudinal survey that included ACEs variables in 2018. A total of 1031 emerging adults aged 18 to 25 participated in the current study. Results: we found that (1) the rate of abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction was 10.0, 30.0, and 24.9%, respectively among Chinese rural emerging adults; (2) abuse and household dysfunction experience were significantly and positively associated with deviant behaviors; (3) friend support moderated the relationship between three types of ACEs and deviant behaviors. Other support moderated the relationship between abuse/household dysfunction and deviant behaviors. Conclusions: ACEs could increase the risk of deviant behaviors. Perceived friend support could reduce the negative effect of three types of ACEs. Other support could reduce the negative impact of abuse and household dysfunction. These results suggest that reducing ACEs to make children’s family environments safer and enhancing social support for emerging adults from rural areas are beneficial, which could prevent or reduce their deviant behaviors.

Background: The escalating out-of-pocket medical expenses pose a significant threat to the financial stability of households worldwide. Identifying persistent catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) is imperative for alleviating medical-related economic difficulties. This study comprehensively investigated the spatio-temporal dynamics and key determinants of persistent CHE in China across the 2012–2020 period. Methods: This longitudinal quantitative study leveraged data from five waves of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), conducted biennially from 2012 to 2020. Variables pertaining to the incidence, depth, and duration of CHE were scrutinized, with covariates informed by the Andersen health service utilization model, including predisposing, enabling, and need factors. Spatio-temporal patterns were analyzed through spatial autocorrelation analysis. Tobit regression was employed to analyze CHE depth, whereas a Generalized Estimating Equation model was used to investigate factors influencing the duration of CHE. Results: The analytical sample comprised a balanced panel of 2,544 households, yielding a total of 12,720 observations. Although the incidence of CHE decreased from 16.27 to 13.88%, there was a persistent upward trajectory in the intensity of CHE, which rose from 0.026 in 2012 to 0.069 in 2020. The proportion of households experiencing persistent CHE saw a marked increase, escalating from 0% in 2012 to 14.32% in 2020. Rural households demonstrated a higher incidence of CHE compared to urban households, and significant regional variations in persistent CHE were evident. The spatial clustering of persistent CHE experienced a dynamic transition from aggregation to dispersion and then to a partial recovery during 2012–2020. Factors such as poor self-assessed health status (OR = 1.015, 95% CI 0.011 to 0.194; p < 0.05), a greater number of family dependents (OR = 1.047, 0.040 to 0.053; p < 0.05), the presence of chronic diseases (OR = 1.013, 0.006 to 0.021; p < 0.05), and hospitalization (OR = 1.069, 0.053 to 0.081; p < 0.05) were significantly associated with an elevated risk of persistent CHE. Conclusion: Financial protection against persistent CHE remains a challenge in China, particularly for rural households, low-income groups, families with chronic diseases, and regions with underdeveloped economies. Policy must prioritize enhancing insurance benefit packages, establishing persistent CHE-linked targeted assistance, and implementing region-specific strategies to address the root causes of health-induced poverty.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1658120.].