Background/Objectives: Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a major global health concern with high mortality despite advances in resuscitation techniques. Achieving return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) represents merely the initial step in the extensive rehabilitation journey. This review highlights the critical role of structured, multidisciplinary rehabilitation following ROSC, emphasizing the necessity of integrated physiotherapy, neurocognitive therapy, and psychosocial support to enhance quality of life and societal reintegration in survivors. Methods: This narrative review analyzed peer-reviewed literature from 2020–2025, sourced from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Emphasis was on clinical trials, expert guidelines (e.g., European Resuscitation Council 2021, American Heart Association 2020), and high-impact journals, with systematic thematic analysis across rehabilitation phases. Results: The review confirms rehabilitation as essential in addressing Intensive Care Unit–acquired weakness, cognitive impairment, and post-intensive care syndrome. Early rehabilitation (0–7 days post-ROSC), focusing on parameter-guided mobilization and cognitive stimulation, significantly improves functional outcomes. Structured interdisciplinary interventions encompassing cardiopulmonary, neuromuscular, and cognitive domains effectively mitigate long-term disability, facilitating return to daily activities and employment. However, access disparities and insufficient randomized controlled trials limit evidence-based standardization. Discussion: Optimal recovery after SCA necessitates early and continuous interdisciplinary engagement, tailored to individual physiological and cognitive profiles. Persistent cognitive fatigue, executive dysfunction, and emotional instability remain significant barriers, underscoring the need for holistic and sustained rehabilitative approaches. Conclusions: Comprehensive, individualized rehabilitation following cardiac arrest is not supplementary but fundamental to meaningful recovery. Emphasizing early mobilization, neurocognitive therapy, family involvement, and structured social reintegration pathways is crucial. Addressing healthcare disparities and investing in rigorous randomized trials are imperative to achieving standardized, equitable, and outcome-oriented rehabilitation services globally.

Background/Objectives: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a life-threatening condition that frequently results in persistent exertional dyspnea, reduced exercise tolerance, and psychological distress, even after acute-phase management. Despite growing recognition of post-PE impairments, structured early rehabilitation remains underutilized. This narrative review aims to evaluate current evidence on the role, components, and outcomes of early rehabilitation strategies following acute PE. Methods: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library. Articles published between 2020 and 2025 were screened for relevance to early rehabilitation in PE patients. Inclusion criteria prioritized randomized controlled trials, prospective studies, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews. Study quality was assessed using Cochrane, Newcastle–Ottawa, and AMSTAR 2 tools. Results: Out of 306 records, 158 studies were included. Early pulmonary rehabilitation—including aerobic and resistance exercise, inspiratory muscle training, and psychological support—demonstrated improvements in functional capacity, dyspnea, and quality of life, without adverse effects. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D may further mitigate thromboembolic risk via anti-inflammatory pathways. However, evidence remains predominantly observational, with limited high-quality data addressing timing, dosage, and patient stratification. Conclusions: Early, individualized rehabilitation appears safe and potentially beneficial in improving recovery and limiting complications after acute PE. Nonetheless, the absence of robust randomized trials underscores the urgent need for hypothesis-driven research to establish standardized, evidence-based rehabilitation protocols and guidelines tailored to risk stratification and patient phenotype, so as not to prolong recovery time and keep survivors from becoming disabled.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and a major contributor to ischemic stroke, heart failure, hospitalization, and mortality. AF-related strokes account for approximately 20–30% of all ischemic strokes and are typically associated with more severe neurological deficits and poorer long-term outcomes. As the prevalence of AF continues to rise with population aging, optimizing both stroke prevention and post-stroke management has become increasingly important. This narrative review summarizes current evidence on AF in the context of ischemic stroke, with particular emphasis on anticoagulation, acute stroke management, and early neurorehabilitation. Special attention is given to the unique challenges of AF-associated stroke, including hemodynamic instability, recurrent embolic risk, bleeding risk during anticoagulation, and the need for individualized rehabilitation strategies. We also discuss interdisciplinary care models, including the Hemodynamic Gating Matrix and the Heart–Brain Team approach, as potential frameworks for integrating cardiovascular and neurological management during recovery. AF-related stroke requires coordinated care across cardiology, neurology, and rehabilitation medicine. A physiology-guided and interdisciplinary approach may improve functional recovery while maintaining cardiovascular safety in this high-risk population.

Background/Objectives: Cardiac rehabilitation addresses exercise intolerance and impaired quality of life in heart failure. This review examines clinical assessment, exercise prescription, multidisciplinary care, and rehabilitation delivery across populations described using historical HFrEF, HFmrEF, and HFpEF. Methods: This narrative review discusses randomized trials, observational studies, systematic reviews, professional guidelines, and position statements. Functional and patient-reported outcomes are considered separately from hospitalization and mortality, with attention to population differences and limitations of extrapolation. Results: Exercise intolerance reflects varying contributions from central haemodynamic limitations, peripheral abnormalities, and comorbidities. CPET can support functional assessment and individualized exercise prescription. Aerobic and resistance training improve selected functional outcomes, while complementary interventions should address individual clinical needs. Evidence supports improvements in health-related quality of life and reductions in all-cause hospital admissions, whereas mortality effects remain uncertain. Direct evidence is uneven across historical LVEF categories and advanced HF populations. Conclusions: Rehabilitation should be individualized according to stability, functional capacity, comorbidities, and patient preferences. Historical categories are retained to preserve the population definitions of the underlying studies despite the revised 2026 ESC classification. Home-based and hybrid programmes provide additional delivery options, while omics-guided approaches require further validation.