Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) increases the risk of depression, poor quality of life, and low sexual satisfaction of women. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of these disorders and to assess the need for psychological consultation at the time of PCOS diagnosis. A case-control single-center study of 250 women who were diagnosed with PCOS voluntarily filled in an anonymous, interactive questionnaire. The inquiry form included 27 questions covering the woman’s characteristics, satisfaction with their outer appearance and sexual life, as well as the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Based on the BDI, 52% (130/250) of studied women presented depressive symptoms. This group had significantly higher body mass index (29.5 ± 8.1 vs. 24.6 ± 5.8; p<.001) and a lower level of self-attractiveness than other studied women (3.3 ± 2.2 vs. 5.4 ± 2.3; p<.001). Forty two percent (106/250) of women viewed themselves as unattractive. A correlation between reduced sexual satisfaction and a sense of low attractiveness was noted (r = 0.465, p<.001). Sixty four percent (160/250) of women believed that psychological consultation should be offered to all PCOS women. Treatment of PCOS women should be multidisciplinary and include psychological counseling, especially in obese PCOS women with inadequate family support and dissatisfied with their sexual life.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a challenging multifactorial disorder with the highest mortality rate among all psychiatric disorders. Due to the low rate of long-term treatment success, new treatment options are needed. Here, we review Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) as a treatment of Severe Intractable AN. The mechanisms of AN have shown significant involvement of the central nervous system especially the same brain regions which are involved with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). AN and OCD display many similarities in psychiatric practice such as compulsive behaviours and anxiety levels, which are related to networks in the brain, that can be altered using DBS. Our literature search revealed 8 studies totalling 28 individuals with AN and comorbid OCD or MDD. The most common stereotactic targets included the sub-callosal cingulate cortex (Brodmann area 25)/medial forebrain bundle (MFB) for AN and comorbid MDD and nucleus accumbens (NAc)/ventral striatum for AN and comorbid OCD. In most cases bilateral DBS of various structures of the reward system achieved good results in BMI, and core AN symptoms and psychiatric comorbidities showed sustained improvement. DBS is a promising treatment modality for AN and comorbid OCD or MDD. These results highlight promise and hope for patients with AN. However, further studies with larger patient populations are needed to shed light on the long-term outcomes of DBS and its effects in AN treatment.

Objectives: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) constitutes one of the most common pregnancy complications and affects 3–5% of all pregnancies, with its incidence still growing. Due to possible maternal and fetal complications, the peripartum management of GDM patients continues to be a debatable issue. The aim of the study was to analyse the course and final way of delivery in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. The effectiveness of induction of labour (IOL) was also assessed and factors predisposing to cesarean section were identified. Material and methods: The study group consisted of 204 women with GDM who delivered in the Academic Centre for Woman’s and Neonate’s Health in Warsaw over the years 2013 and 2014. The indications and ratios of elective and intrapartum cesarean sections were analysed. Patients qualified for induction of labour were compared depending on their final way of delivery. Results: Over a half of all deliveries in the study group (53%) were cesarean sections. Elective surgeries accounted for 70% of all cesarean sections, predominantly due to a history of previous operational deliveries. Only 12% of the study group developed spontaneous uterine contractions and delivered vaginally. A comparison of the vaginal delivery group (n = 96) with cesarean section group (n = 108) pointed to high pregestational BMI value and advanced maternal age as factors increasing the patient’s risk for surgical delivery (p = 0.0000 and p = 0.048 accordingly). The comparison of women undergo­ing IOL vs. omen with spontaneous uterine contractions showed no increase in the ratio of intrapartum cesarean sections in the IOL group — in both subgroups vaginal delivery was achieved in 75% of cases. Conclusions: Patients with GDM are more likely to undergo cesarean section, but the implementation of induction of labour at term does not further aggravate this risk. Major risk factors for operational delivery in GDM population included: advanced maternal age, high pregestational BMI value and undergoing insulin therapy. Objectives: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) constitutes one of the most common pregnancy complications and affects 3–5% of all pregnancies, with its incidence still growing. Due to possible maternal and fetal complications, the peripartum management of GDM patients continues to be a debatable issue. The aim of the study was to analyse the course and final way of delivery in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. The effectiveness of induction of labour (IOL) was also assessed and factors predisposing to cesarean section were identified. Material and methods: The study group consisted of 204 women with GDM who delivered in the Academic Centre for Woman’s and Neonate’s Health in Warsaw over the years 2013 and 2014. The indications and ratios of elective and intrapartum cesarean sections were analysed. Patients qualified for induction of labour were compared depending on their final way of delivery. Results: Over a half of all deliveries in the study group (53%) were cesarean sections. Elective surgeries accounted for 70% of all cesarean sections, predominantly due to a history of previous operational deliveries. Only 12% of the study group developed spontaneous uterine contractions and delivered vaginally. A comparison of the vaginal delivery group (n = 96) with cesarean section group (n = 108) pointed to high pregestational BMI value and advanced maternal age as factors increasing the patient’s risk for surgical delivery (p = 0.0000 and p = 0.048 accordingly). The comparison of women undergo­ing IOL vs. omen with spontaneous uterine contractions showed no increase in the ratio of intrapartum cesarean sections in the IOL group — in both subgroups vaginal delivery was achieved in 75% of cases. Conclusions: Patients with GDM are more likely to undergo cesarean section, but the implementation of induction of labour at term does not further aggravate this risk. Major risk factors for operational delivery in GDM population included: advanced maternal age, high pregestational BMI value and undergoing insulin therapy.

Introduction Infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum -lactamases (ESBLs) are a serious therapeutic and clinical problem. An increasing role of ESBL(+) pathogens is observed in both community- and hospital-acquired infections. Aim of the study was to assess the...