This study examines the effects of climate change on maize production in Romania between 2003 and 2024, focusing on yield dynamics, regional disparities, and economic losses. Maize, a key crop in Romanian agriculture, has become increasingly vulnerable to extreme weather events, particularly droughts, which remain the most frequent risk. The analysis highlights a marked decline in maize yields and cultivated area in recent years, strongly correlated with severe droughts in 2020, 2022, and 2024. The results show that western and northern counties display greater resilience, while southeastern regions face significant yield losses. The economic impact is substantial, with losses exceeding EUR 1 billion. These findings underscore the systemic nature of climate-related risks and call for region-specific adaptation strategies, expanded irrigation infrastructure, and index-based insurance schemes to strengthen resilience and ensure sustainable maize production under changing climatic conditions.

In Europe, climate change has a big impact on agriculture, due to an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events. Many and prolonged droughts, heatwaves, floods, and hailstorms cause major economic losses that affect crop quality and generate instability in supply chains. In this study, we analyse the evolution of extreme weather events across Europe starting from the 1980s. The economic losses caused by extreme events were divided into three categories: heatwaves, frost, and fires; floods; and storms. In order to identify the trend and any shifts of the trend of the extreme weather events, we calculated moving averages over different periods: 5, 10, 20, and 30 years. The moving average analysis shows how climate change has altered from causing isolated and temporary economic losses to generate a consistent upward trend in losses, with an increasingly significant impact in the short, medium, and long term. In the second part of this study, we conducted a correlation analysis between the economic losses caused by extreme weather events and variations in property insurance premiums (fire and other property damage—which includes crop insurance premiums) and we calculated correlation coefficients directly, with a one-year lag, and with a two-year lag. Thus, we analysed whether insurance markets respond immediately to incurred losses or whether, depending on climate trends, there are delays in premium adjustments.

HRMARS is well established journal publisher based in Pakistan. It is publishing prominent journals in social sciences since 2011.

This paper defines the research problem by examining how the performance of public administration in Romania has evolved in response to major institutional, technological,…