Background: In hemodialysis patients, precise hemoglobin (Hb) monitoring is essential for anemia management. Point-of-care blood gas analyzers (BGAs), such as the ABL800 Flex, offer rapid Hb determinations, but their accordance and comparability with central laboratory measurements remains to be assessed in the hemodialysis setting. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis (April 2017–February 2024) of 10,802 paired Hb measurements from 291 hemodialysis patients. BGA and laboratory values within 90 min were compared using paired t-tests, non-inferiority testing (margin 0.5 g/dL), a Bland–Altman analysis, and linear regression. Results: The mean ± standard deviation Hb (g/dL) values were 10.14 ± 1.64 (BGA) versus 9.90 ± 1.55 (laboratory). The overall mean difference (BGA—laboratory) was 0.24 ± 0.49 g/dL (95% CI: 0.23–0.25), demonstrating non-inferiority (p < 0.0001). Measurement delay correlated with increasing analysis discrepancies (mean difference in g/dL: 0.22 at <30 min vs. 0.27 at 60–90 min; p < 0.001). We derived the equation of laboratory Hb = 0.90 × BGA Hb + 0.72; a simplified correction (BGA−0.3 g/dL) produced a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.30 g/dL and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.50 g/dL, and patient-level 10-fold cross-validation yielded MAE ≈ 0.30 and RMSE ≈ 0.49 g/dL. The Bland–Altman analysis confirmed a small systematic bias of 0.24 g/dL with 95% limits of agreement ranging from −0.73 to +1.21 g/dL. Conclusions: BGA Hb measurements via the ABL800 Flex are non-inferior to central laboratory values across clinical scenarios, with minimal bias. After regression correction, the estimated total error was ≈0.78 g/dL. If hemodialysis centers accept this level of total error and apply confirmatory testing near decision points, BGA could be used to guide anemia management.

Background: Although human echinococcosis – manifesting as cystic echinococcosis (CE) or alveolar echinococcosis (AE) - is rare, it causes significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in immunocompromised patients. While kidney transplantation (KTX) recipients are at risk for accelerated disease progression, no screening recommendations currently exist. Methods: The entire hemodialysis population of Vienna, Austria, was evaluated for this study. Anti-Echinococcus IgG ELISA-testing was performed in all participants (n = 719). All positive results were cross-validated at the National Center for Parasitic Infections ELISAs and an immunoblot allowing for species-differentiation. Samples from confirmed echinococcosis cases served as positive controls. Findings: 45 samples (6·3%) tested positive for Echinococcus spp. in the commercial ELISA kit, but confirmatory diagnostics did not support any of the 45 seropositive results. One patient with a known echinococcosis was negative in the primary screening ELISA. Adjusting the cut-off values of the commercial ELISA increased specificity and reduced false positive results. In patients with abdominal imaging studies, 21·3% had liver cysts, among whom 56% also had concomitant polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Interpretation: Routine serological screening for echinococcosis prior to KTX cannot currently be universally recommended in Central Europe, due to low disease prevalence and unspecific binding properties of the ELISA kit. While ultrasound remains the gold standard for diagnosing cystic echinococcosis, it may be less reliable in pre-KTX settings with high prevalence of PKD. Serological testing is recommended for all KTX candidates with unclear findings in abdominal imaging and/or exposure to risk factors for echinococcosis.