Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) belongs to the most widely used group of thermoplastics. Most of the market for PVC products belongs to plasticized compositions. Plasticizers are the most demanded additives in the polymer industry. Environmental problems and the identified toxicity of the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) stimulate the restriction of its use and contribute to the development of alternative plasticizers. As a possible replacement for phthalates, esters of dicarboxylic acids are known to provide reduced toxicity and high frost resistance to the resulting compositions. In this regard, esters of dicarboxylic acids and ethoxylated alcohols were obtained and their compatibility with polyvinyl chloride was investigated. The plasticizing effect of the esters obtained was evaluated. The thermomechanical characteristics of PVC compositions containing the developed plasticizers were studied, the glass transition temperature was determined, and the areas of the glassy and highly elastic state of the plastics were identified. It was shown that the chemical structure of dicarboxylate used as a plasticizer determines the important technological and operational characteristics of the PVC plastics obtained. Dibutoxyethyl sebacate (DBES) has the best plasticizing effect among the synthesized esters. The expansion of the highly elastic state area for PVC samples containing this ester exceeded the industrial plasticizers DEHP and di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DOA). The indicators of the critical temperature of dissolution of PVC in the esters under study suggest ensuring their low migration from PVC plastics.

It is known that adipic acid esters are widely used in various industries, for example, as plasticizers, components of aviation synthetic oils, hydraulic and hydraulic brake fluids, and instrument oils. Their advantages are based on low toxicity, environmental safety and biodegradability. In addition, methods for producing adipic acid from renewable raw materials have now been developed. Classic acid catal-ysis of esterification using sulfuric acid has a number of disadvantages that contribute to a decrease in the yield of the product and its purity, and therefore the process is characterized by additional stages of ester purification, an increase in its cost and the formation of aggressive wastewater. Heterogene-ous catalysis is one of the methods of green chemistry. Therefore, the development of new catalysts of this type and the study of the basic principles of synthesis with their participation are relevant. In es-ter production, the choice of alcohol component is one of the main factors limiting the rate of esterifi-cation. In order to optimize the process of obtaining adipate esters, the kinetic patterns of synthesis using ethoxylated alcohols were studied. A mathematical model of the kinetic parameters of adipic acid esterification was developed, which provides maximum yield of the target ester and shorter syn-thesis duration. The main characteristics of the process of obtaining adipates of ethoxylated alcohols using catalysts of heterogeneous and homogeneous nature are considered.

Phenolic resins were first obtained more than 100 years ago. However, interest in this product of organic chemistry does not fade, which is reflected in a large number of research papers. The reason for the popularity of products based on phenolic resins is their excellent operational characteristics and low cost. However, the most problematic issue remains in releasing incompletely reacted initial components (which are toxic substances), during operation. For this reason, new raw materials are being considered for development of phenolic resins, such as involvement of plant products, which undoubtedly improve the operational characteristics of the materials obtained, as well as contribute to the expansion of their fields of application. The paper describes the synthesis of phenol-formaldehyde resin of the resol type in the presence of an alkaline catalyst. The main characteristics of the process have been determined in order to obtain a high-quality product that meets regulatory standards. The properties of the resulting product have been investigated. The curing technique of the obtained phenol-formaldehyde resin has been studied. Based on experimental data, the type and optimal amount of a hardener have been determined. In order to select a foaming agent, the analysis of foaming multiplicity and its comparison with the kinetics of curing has been carried out. Finally, a formula of the foamed material based on phenolic resin has been developed.