Luke Nuculaj

Dr. Luke Nuculaj


Research Focus & Metrics

Academic Career Length

2Years (2025-Present)

(Calculated once Scilit publication data is synced: current year − year of first publication + 1)

Representative Publications

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17 September 2025 in Applied Sciences
Verified
Journal Article
Open access
PDF file
OOOwais Ogdeh
Owais Ogdeh
LNLuke Nuculaj
Luke Nuculaj
AIAli Irshayyid
Ali Irshayyid
ZZZhaodong Zhou
Zhaodong Zhou
JCJun Chen
Jun Chen
This paper presents a practical experiment for estimating the state-of-charge (SOC) of individual cells in a series-connected heterogeneous lithium-ion battery pack, where only the terminal voltage of the battery pack is measured. To deal with real-time computation constraints, the dense extended Kalman filter (DEKF) algorithm has been proposed in the literature, which has a significantly lower computational complexity compared to the regular extended Kalman filter for this specific estimation problem. This work supplements the existing work by conducting a real-world experiment to validate the performance of the DEKF. Specifically, experiments involving a battery pack of three cells connected in series were conducted, where the battery pack was discharged under a constant current load. A genetic algorithm was applied to identify missing model parameters, as well as tuning the DEKF for optimal convergence and accurate SOC estimation. Our experimental results confirm that the proposed DEKF accurately estimates the SOC of each cell regardless of the hardware limitations and uncertainty, making it suitable for low-cost, real-time battery management systems. In particular, the SOC estimation error can be kept well under 1% even if the initial estimate is far from the true SOC.