With the rapid development of the laying hen industry and the continuous innovation of farming technology, egg production continues to increase. Eggs are rich in proteins, lipids, and immunoglobulins (IgY) found in the egg yolk. IgY can be used to treat human diseases and prevent bacterial and viral infections. In addition, IgY has advantages over IgG in biological structure and function and is characterized by high specificity, safety, yield, and economic efficiency. This review describes the basic structure and properties of IgY, lists a variety of IgY purification methods, and outlines measures to maintain and enhance its activity, focusing on the current status of its research in immunoprevention and treatment of human diseases and outlines its importance, and finally proposes the current challenges and future research priorities of IgY in the field of biomedical research to provide a scientific basis for the wide range of applications of IgY in human health.

Aquatic products are among the best sources of high-quality protein for humans. Selenium is also an essential trace element for animal growth and development. In animals, selenium primarily exists as selenoproteins, which perform vital physiological functions such as providing antioxidant protection, regulating the immune system, and facilitating growth and reproduction. Twenty-four of the selenoproteins identified in humans have also been found in aquatic animals. As living standards rise and health awareness grows, consumers are increasingly favoring selenium-enriched aquatic products. This article systematically reviews the advantages of these products, selenium levels in different farmed animals, and dietary recommendations. It also explores the functions of selenoproteins in these products. The article emphasizes the importance of selenium for human health and discusses its relationship with health. It also explores the application prospects of selenium-enriched aquatic products. The goal is to provide a scientific basis for utilizing these products and to guide consumers in supplementing their selenium intake.

Iron is an essential trace element that participates in multiple physiological processes, including oxygen transport, electron transfer, DNA synthesis, and red blood cell production. Iron loss is particularly severe among athletes, so maintaining iron homeostasis is crucial for sports nutrition and health. Excess iron, iron deficiency, and ferroptosis can lead to muscle disorders and health issues, including sarcopenia, muscular atrophy, myocardial fibrosis, skeletal muscle injury, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders. Maintaining iron homeostasis within physiological limits is essential for athletes to sustain high-intensity performance and accelerate recovery. Therefore, a comprehensive review of the effects of iron homeostasis and ferroptosis on muscle health is significant for identifying potential therapeutic targets and developing new disease treatment and prevention strategies. This paper systematically reviews research progress on targeted therapies for iron overload and ferroptosis in muscle diseases, clarifies the impact of iron on athletes’ physiological functions and competitive performance, and explores the potential application of iron in precision nutritional regulation. It aims to provide new insights for preventing exercise-induced muscle injury, myocardial damage, and overtraining syndrome in athletes.

With the rapid development of the laying hen industry and the continuous innovation of farming technology, egg production continues to grow. Eggs are rich in proteins and lipids, and chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgY) antibodies, which play an im-portant role in the treatment of human diseases, the prevention of bacterial and viral infections. In addition, IgY has advantages over IgG in biological structure and func-tion and is characterised by high specificity, safety, yield and economic efficiency. This review describes the basic structure and properties of IgY, lists a variety of IgY purifi-cation methods and outlines measures to maintain and enhance its activity, focuses on the current status of its research in immunoprevention and treatment of human dis-eases and outlines its importance, and finally proposes the current challenges and fu-ture research priorities of IgY in the field of biomedical research to provide a scientific basis for the wide range of applications of IgY in human health.