To investigate the HPV vaccine coverage and post-vaccination adverse reactions in Gansu Province, Western China, from 2018 to 2021. Data on suspected adverse reactions to HPV vaccines were collected from the Chinese Vaccine Adverse Event Following Immunization (AEFI). Estimate the incidence rates of Common Adverse Reaction and Rare Adverse Reaction. HPV vaccine coverage among females in different age groups was calculated using data from the Gansu Provincial Immunization Information Platform. The first-dose HPV vaccine coverage rate among females aged 9 to 45 was 2.02%, with the lowest rate of less than 1% observed in females aged 9 to 14. From 2018 to 2021, the incidence rates of Common Adverse Reaction and Rare Adverse Reaction reported in females after HPV vaccination were 11.82 and 0.39 per 100,000 doses, respectively. Common Adverse Reaction included fever (5.52 per 100,000 doses), local redness and swelling (3.33 per 100,000 doses), fatigue (3.15 per 100,000 doses), headache (2.76 per 100,000 doses), as well as local induration and nausea/vomiting (1.97 per 100,000 doses). Adverse reactions mainly occurred within 1 day after vaccination, followed by 1 to 3 days after vaccination. The HPV vaccine coverage rate among females aged 9 to 14 in Gansu Province is remarkably low, and there is an urgent need to enhance vaccine coverage. From 2018 to 2021, the incidence of Adverse reaction Following Immunization HPV vaccination fell within the expected range, indicating the vaccine's safety profile.

We aimed to study the changes in respiratory virus detection rates during the control of the COVID-19 outbreak and to elucidate possible epidemiologic disturbances after the lifting of control measures. Severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) specimens were collected from hospitalized children in Baiyin, China, from 2021 to 2023. We conducted real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) to detect various respiratory viruses, including influenza virus (IFV), human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), human rhinovirus (HRV), human parainfluenza virus (HPIV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human adenovirus (HADV), enterovirus (EV), and human coronavirus (HCoV). The results were statistically analyzed using SPSS 26.0 software. A total of 1353 nasopharyngeal swab specimens were collected from children with SARI between 2021 and 2023. The male-to-female ratio of 1.49:1, the total virus detection rate of 33.85% (458/1353). Data were analyzed by comparing two distinct periods: before the lifting of the COVID-19 control measures (January 1, 2021 – December 6, 2022) and after the lifting of the control measures (December 7, 2022 – December 31, 2023). During the three-year study period, there was no significant difference in the detection rate of pathogen positivity between the ≤ 1 year (OR: 0.986, 95% CI: 0.960–1.013) and 1–3 years (OR: 1.018, 95% CI: 0.997–1.060) age groups (P > 0.05). However, there were significant differences in pathogen positivity rates between the 3–6 years (OR: 1.097, 95% CI: 1.049–1.146) and > 6 years (OR: 1.099, 95% CI: 1.063–1.138) age groups (P < 0.05). Significant differences in pathogen positivity rates were observed between male (OR: 1.293, 95% CI: 1.156–1.445) and female (OR: 1.354, 95% CI: 1.157–1.583) children (P < 0.05). The positive detection rates for various viruses showed a decreasing trend in January and February 2023; however, IFV showed a significant rebound in 2023. Following the lifting of COVID-19 control measures, the overall positive detection rate for respiratory viruses increased significantly from 27.84 to 45.03% (OR: 1.313, 95% CI: 1.198–1.438) (P < 0.05). Prior to the lifting of control measures, the ranking of positive detection rates for respiratory viruses in children was as follows: HPIV > HRSV > HADV > HRV > HMPV > EV > HCOV > influenza virus (IFV). After the measures were lifted, the order was as follows: EV > IFV > HADV > HCOV > HPIV > HRV > HMPV > HRSV. The peak detection periods for HRV, HMPV, HADV, and EV shifted to later time points compared to those before the measures were lifted. After the lifting of control measures, the positive detection rates of IFV (OR: 1.090, 95% CI: 1.059–1.122), EV (OR: 1.102, 95% CI: 1.064–1.141), HCOV (OR: 1.043, 95% CI: 1.017–1.070), and HADV (OR: 1.028, 95% CI: 0.999–1.059) all significantly increased (P < 0.05); HRV (OR: 1.019, 95% CI: 0.994–1.044) and HMPV (OR: 1.010, 95% CI: 0.989–1.032) showed non-significant increases in positive detection rates (P > 0.05); HRSV (OR: 0.965, 95% CI: 0.946–0.985) was significantly reduced (P < 0.05), while the positive detection rate for HPIV (OR: 0.971, 95% CI: 0.943–1.001) showed no significant decrease(P > 0.05). These findings help clarify that social interventions can influence the prevalence of respiratory viruses in children during unique historical periods. The implementation of COVID-19 control measures may have curbed the spread of respiratory viruses in children during the study period. After the lifting of control measures, monitoring of respiratory pathogens must be strengthened to reduce the harm caused by respiratory viruses to children’s health.

Natural vaginal delivery and breastfeeding favor the development of a strong immune system in infants, and the immune response of infants to vaccines is closely related to their immune system. This large prospective cohort study aimed to explore the effects of delivery and feeding mode on infant’s immune response to hepatitis B vaccine (HepB).

The investigation was conducted to describe the status of coverage of HBV vaccination among the health care workers in Gansu province and to explore the associated factors of HBV vaccination in this study. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1544 health care workers from 64 hospitals in Gansu province. A self-designed questionnaire was used to interview the health care workers about HBV vaccination coverage. A multivariate logistic regression model explored the associated factors with HBV vaccination. The vaccination coverage was 89.17% for health care workers, nurses (90.40%) had the highest rate, followed by administration staff (89.38%) and medical technicians (89.30%). The full-dose HBV vaccination coverage was 64.25% for health care workers, and administration staff (65.04%) had the highest rate, followed by nurses (65.00%). This study found that the associated factors with HBV vaccination and full-dose vaccination were the history of training and the detection of serological indicators. The coverage of HBV vaccination among health care workers in Gansu province was high, but full-dose HBV vaccination coverage was low. It is necessary to strengthen the HBV knowledge and training in HBV prevention and treatment among health care workers in Gansu Province.

Climate change and air pollution have significantly influenced disease prevalence and transmission. Human adenovirus (HAdV) is a common pathogen that causes acute respiratory infections in children. This study employed an ecological approach to investigate the relationship between HAdV infection in children in Lanzhou, Northwest China, and meteorological factors and air pollutants, aiming to deepen the understanding of environmental factors affecting viral transmission. Clinical specimens from children with acute respiratory infections were collected at a sentinel hospital in Lanzhou from January 1, 2023, to February 28, 2025, and were subjected to respiratory adenovirus nucleic acid testing. HAdV infection patterns were analyzed according to age, sex, and season. A combined approach of stepwise linear regression and generalized additive models (GAM) was employed to investigate the correlations between HAdV infection and meteorological factors/air pollutants from January 1, 2023, to December 31, 2024. Between January 1, 2023, and February 28, 2025, a total of 1,339 throat swab specimens were collected from children with acute respiratory infections (ARIs), with a male-to-female ratio of 1.48:1. The HAdV incidence rate in 2024 (11.23%) was higher than that in 2023 (5.45%). The HAdV incidence rates among male and female children were 5.15% and 3.73%, respectively. Preschool-and school-aged children exhibited higher incidence rates than infants and toddlers, at 3.29%, 3.36%, 0.75%, and 1.49%, respectively. HAdV circulated throughout all four seasons, with peak prevalence in autumn (2.28%) and winter (5.06%). HAdV incidence rates showed significant negative correlations with meteorological factors (air temperature, sunshine duration, wind speed), with correlation coefficients of: r = -0.6398 (95% CI: -0.8878, -0.1042), (P = 0.0250); r=-0.6376 (95% CI: -0.8870, -0.1005), (P = 0.0257); r=-0.6208 (95% CI: -0.8809, -0.07285), (P = 0.0312); showed significant positive correlations with atmospheric pollutants (CO, NO₂, and SO₂), with correlation coefficients of: r = 0.7610 (95% CI: 0.3321, 0.9291), (P = 0.0040); r = 0.6846 (95% CI: 0.1824, 0.9035), (P = 0.0140); r = 0.7162 (95% CI: 0.2147, 0.9143), (P = 0.0088); while exhibiting a significant negative correlation with atmospheric pollutant O₃, with a correlation coefficient of r = -0.6938 (95% CI: -0.9067, -0.1992), (P = 0.0123). GAM analysis revealed that meteorological factors (air temperature, sunshine duration, and wind speed) were all nonlinearly associated with adenovirus incidence rates. HAdV was detected at a higher rate in children in the preschool and school-age groups, and most cases were detected in the fall and winter seasons. The incidence rate of HAdV was negatively correlated with meteorological factors (temperature, hours of sunshine, and wind speed) and the atmospheric pollutant O₃, and positively correlated with atmospheric pollutants (CO, NO₂, and SO₂). The influence of these pollutants on the prevalence of HAdV infection should not be ignored.

To evaluate the Vaccine Effectiveness (VE) of the Influenza Vaccine (InfV) during pregnancy in Gansu province. A retrospective cohort of pregnant women vaccinated with InfV was constructed using the electronic case system and immunization planning system of Gansu province. Outcome information of Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) in pregnant women after vaccination with InfV during the influenza epidemic seasons from 2019 to 2021 was collected. The log-binomial model was used to estimate the adjusted Risk Ratio (RR), VE, and their Confidence Intervals (CI). The incidence rates of the InfV vaccination group and the non-vaccination group during pregnancy in Gansu province were 4.70% (54/1,150) and 6.91% (16,990/245,754), respectively. The adjusted RR was 0.78 (95%CI 0.43–0.75), and the adjusted VE was 22.20 (95%CI 0.79–40.30). Vaccination with InfV during pregnancy in Gansu province from 2019 to 2021 has a protective effect against ILI in pregnant women, and there is no difference in vaccination at different stages of pregnancy.