Cascading impacts of prey loss: The global pandemic caused by the amphibian fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis has decimated frog populations around the world. This decline has been called out as a potential catastrophe for amphibian species. What has been less explored are the impacts of amphibian declines on other members of their ecological communities. Using survey data collected over 13 years, Zipkin et al. looked at diversity and body condition of a tropical snake community after amphibians were decimated by chytridiomycosis. They found that the snake community was less diverse and most species were in decline, except for a few “winning” species. Science , this issue p. 814

Resistance is not futile: The fungal disease chytridiomycosis has wreaked havoc on amphibians worldwide. The disease is caused by the organism Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and was first identified in the late 1990s. Voyles et al. revisited protected areas in Panama where catastrophic amphibian losses were recorded a decade ago (see the Perspective by Collins). Although disease theory predicts that epidemics should result in reduced pathogenicity, they found no evidence for such a reduction. Despite this, the amphibian community is displaying signs of recovery—including some species presumed extinct after the outbreak. Increased host resistance may be responsible for this recovery. Science , this issue p. 1517 ; see also p. 1458

Morphology and ecology of Sibon snakes (Squamata: Dipsadidae) from two forests in Central America

A new species of Dipsas Laurenti, 1768, from Central Panama is described based on molecular analyses, hemipenial morphology, and external characters. This is the sixth species of Dipsas to be described for the country; the snake has been suspected to exist since 1977 and has not been thoroughly studied until now. Additionally, morphological comparations including scale counts are done with other species within the genus, and the current geographic distribution of Dipsas temporalis (Werner, 1909), the sister species, is updated. Finally, a key to the species of Dipsas currently known from Middle America is presented.

The fossorial snake Geophis bellus is a small Panamanian endemic previously known only from the holotype. Here we report additional specimens, which greatly expand the known range of the species ca. 200 km from the type locality into western Panama. Furthermore, we provide information on sexual dimorphism in some scalation counts and in body and tail size. Finally, we provide information on natural history, including activity period, habitat usage, and reproductive cycle. Such discoveries are important for the development of conservation plans for this species in Panamá.

In today’s age of unprecedented mobility, hundreds of millions of migrants are on the move internationally, pushed or pulled for various reasons, toward countries other than their own. Gallup’s interviews with approximately 350,000 adults in 148 countries suggest that hundreds of millions more would join them if they could. This chapter examines the desire for long-term migration among adults in many nations. It does so by exploring four broad areas of inquiry: the size of the potential adult migration population in the world; who potential migrants are, where they come from, and where they would like to go; the push-and-pull factors that predict people’s desire to migrate; and Gallup’s development of an index that measures potential net migration.